Combination Treatment with PPARγ Ligand and Its Specific Inhibitor GW9662 Downregulates BIS and 14-3-3 Gamma, Inhibiting Stem-Like Properties in Glioblastoma Cells

Figure 3

Downregulation using siRNA-enhanced PPARγ ligand-induced cell death in A172 spheres together with inhibition of matrix metalloprotease 2 (MMP2) activity. After transfection with 100 nM siRNA (si-CTL, si-14-3-3γ, or si-BIS), cells were transferred to sphere-forming conditions with or without PPARγ ligands (CG, 5 μM ciglitazone; RS, 50 μM rosiglitazone) for 48 h. Morphological spheres (a) were photographed under an inverted microscope and spheres per field (right panel) were counted, followed by viability (b), zymography (c and d), and western blotting (e) and spheres per field were counted (g) after crystal violet staining (f) as described in Materials and Methods. , , and versus control group without treatment. and versus only CG- or RS-treated group. versus only si-BIS or si-14-3-3γ treated group. versus only CG- or RS-treated group. and versus only si-BIS or si-14-3-3γ treated group.

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