Combination Treatment with PPARγ Ligand and Its Specific Inhibitor GW9662 Downregulates BIS and 14-3-3 Gamma, Inhibiting Stem-Like Properties in Glioblastoma Cells

Figure 4

A scheme of the combined effects of PPARγ ligand and GW9662 on human glioblastoma cells under sphere-forming conditions. The schematic diagram demonstrates that combination treatment with PPARγ ligand (ciglitazone or rosiglitazone) and GW9662 downregulates BIS, 14-3-3 gamma, and activation of survival signaling molecules (p-AKT, p-STAT3) together with suppression of SOX2 and MMP2 activity, inhibiting stem cell-like properties and leading to apoptosis.