Lumbosacral Defects in a 16th–18th-Century Joseon Dynasty Skeletal Series from Korea

Table 5

Prevalence of lumbosacral malformations in different samples during similar eras.

Country	Century	Prevalence (%)
		Spina bifida occulta			Sacralization			Lumbarization			Spondylolysis
		Male	Female	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female	Total
Joseon Korea (This study)	16-18th	12.3	4.4	7.6	9.9	1.4	4.5	4.9	2.9	4.0	3.7	2.9	3.0
British [18]	10-19th	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	7.0	14.5	8.9	11.9
Bulgaria [19]	9-15th	6.6	0	3.8	-	-	2.9	-	-	-	-	-	-
France [21]	5-11th	-	-	-	-	-	3.3	-	-	3.3	-	-	10
Hungary [22]	10-17th	7.1	3.3	4.2	2.7	0.9	1.4	3.5	-	1.4	-	-	-
Romania [20]	15-19th	5.2	1.9	3.8	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Slovakia [13]	11-12th	26.0	19.0	22.0	15.0	2.0	8.0	2.0	2.0	2.0	8.0	8.0	7.0