Thyroid Autoimmunity and Autoimmunity in Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria Linked to Disease Severity, Therapeutic Response, and Time to Remission in Patients with Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria
Table 2
Demographic data, severity of CSU, laboratory values including thyroid autoantibody results, treatment regimens, disease duration according to the presence of autoimmune chronic urticaria, and results of autologous skin testing.
Characteristics
CAU (+)
CAU (-)
p-value
ASST (+)
ASST (-)
p-value
APST (+)
APST (-)
p-value
n = 101
n = 24
n = 91
n = 34
n = 88
n = 37
Gender [n = 300], n (%)
0.740
1.000
0.580
Male
13 (12.9)
4 (16.7)
13 (14.3)
4 (11.8)
11 (12.5)
6 (16.2)
Female
88 (87.1)
20 (83.3)
78 (85.7)
30 (88.2)
77(87.5)
31 (83.8)
Age at onset (years) [n = 296], mean (SD)
0.027
0.145
0.087
≤ 35, n (%)
63 (62.4)
9 (37.5)
56 (61.5)
16 (47.1)
55 (62.5)
17 (46.0)
> 35, n (%)
38 (37.6)
15 (62.5)
35 (38.5)
18 (52.9)
33 (37.5)
20 (54.1)
Duration of symptoms (months) [n=291], median (range)
6 (1.5, 360)
11 (1.5, 120)
0.265
6 (1.5, 360)
11 (1.5, 120)
0.225
5 (1.5, 144)
8 (1.5, 360)
0.185
History of NSAID hypersensitivity [n=300], n (%)
4 (4.0)
2 (8.3)
0.325
4 (4.4)
2 (5.88)
0.663
3 (3.4)
3 (8.11)
0.360
History of atopy [n =129), n (%)
34 (59.7)
7 (41.2)
0.179
33 (63.5)
8 (36.4)
0.032
30 (57.7)
11 (50.0)
0.543
History of systemic symptoms [n = 195], n (%)
29 (34.5)
3 (14.3)
0.072
26 (33.8)
6 (21.4)
0.225
26 (35.1)
6 (19.4)
0.109
Angioedema
30 (35.7)
3 (14.3)
0.058
27 (35.1)
6 (21.4)
0.183
27 (36.5)
6 (19.4)
0.085
Anaphylaxis
1 (1.2)
0 (0)
1.000
1 (1.3)
0 (0)
1.000
1 (1.4)
0 (0)
1.000
Dermographism [n = 186], n (%)
21 (30.4)
9 (42.9)
0.290
19 (31.2)
11 (38.0)
0.523
20 (33.3)
10 (33.3)
1.000
Duration of daily attacks (hours) [n=97], median (range)
4 (0.5, 24)
2.5 (1, 8)
0.276
5 (0.5, 24)
2 (0.5, 12)
0.117
4 (0.5, 24)
3 (1, 12)
0.457
Frequency of attacks [n=216], n (%)
0.086
0.011
0.006
≤ 4 days per week
16 (18.4)
8 (36.4)
12 (15.4)
12 (38.7)
11 (14.7)
13 (38.2)
> 4days per week
71 (81.6)
14 (63.6)
66 (84.6)
19 (61.3)
64 (85.3)
21 (61.8)
Wheal size [n = 79], n (%)
0.716
0.318
0.759
≤ 1.25 cm
12 (23.1)
2 (14.3)
12 (25.5)
2 (10.5)
10 (22.7)
4 (18.2)
> 1.25 cm
40 (76.9)
12 (85.7)
35 (74.5)
17 (89.5)
34 (77.3)
18 (81.8)
Number of wheals [n = 69], n (%)
0.051
0.232
0.085
≤ 7 wheals
12 (26.1)
8 (57.1)
12 (28.6)
8 (44.4)
10 (25.6)
10 (47.6)
> 7 wheals
34 (73.9)
6 (42.9)
30 (71.4)
10 (55.6)
29 (74.4)
11 (52.4)
Severity of [n = 78], n (%)
1.000
1.000
0.520
None to mild
11 (21.6)
3 (23.1)
10 (21.3)
4 (23.5)
8 (18.6)
6 (28.6)
Moderate to severe
40 (78.4)
10 (76.9)
37 (78.7)
13 (76.5)
35 (81.4)
15 (71.4)
Impairment of work [n = 76], n (%)
34 (65.4)
12 (85.7)
0.197
29 (61.7)
17 (89.5)
0.026
29 (65.9)
17 (77.3)
0.344
Disturbance of sleep [n = 76], n (%)
37 (71.2)
9 (64.3)
0.745
35 (74.5)
11 (57.9)
0.185
32 (72.7)
14 (63.6)
0.449
High ESR [n = 133], n (%)
15 (36.6)
4 (36.4)
1.000
15 (41.7)
4 (25.0)
0.249
14 (35.9)
5 (38.5)
1.000
ANA titer ≥ 1:320 (+) [n = 232], n (%)
9 (11.0)
0 (0)
0.357
8 (10.7)
1 (4.0)
0.444
8 (11.6)
1 (3.2)
0.267
TA (+) [n = 72], n (%)
20 (19.8)
7 (29.2)
0.316
18 (19.8)
9 (26.5)
0.419
18 (20.5)
9 (24.3)
0.631
Anti-TPO (+) [n = 53], n (%)
17 (16.8)
4 (16.7)
1.000
15 (16.5)
6 (17.7)
0.877
15 (17.1)
6 (16.2)
0.910
Anti- Tg (+) [n = 55], n (%)
14 (13.9)
5 (20.8)
0.363
12 (13.2)
7 (20.6)
0.305
13 (14.8)
6 (16.2)
0.837
Treatment regimen, [n = 295], n (%)
0.069
0.873
0.017
H1 antagonist(s), standard dose
41 (41.8)
15 (62.5)
40 (45.5)
16 (47.1)
33 (38.8)
23 (62.2)
H1 antagonist(s), any exceeding standard dose
57 (58.2)
9 (37.5)
48 (54.6)
18 (52.9)
52 (61.2)
14 (37.8)
Disease duration > 12 months [n= 131], n (%)
37 (84.1)
12 (85.7)
1.000
34 (85.0)
15 (83.3)
1.000
33 (84.6)
16 (84.2)
1.000
Disease duration > 18 months [n= 101], n (%)
23 (76.7)
10 (83.30
1.000
20 (76.9)
13 (81.3)
1.000
21 (77.8)
12 (80.0)
1.000
The definition of severity of itch: none = no itch, mild = present but not annoying or troublesome, moderate = troublesome but does not interfere with normal daily activity or sleep, severe = sufficiently troublesome to interfere with normal daily activity or sleep. Abbreviations Used in Table 2. ANA: antinuclear antibody, Anti-Tg: antithyroglobulin antibody (normal range = 0-115 IU/mL), Anti-TPO: antithyroid peroxidase antibody (normal range = 0-34 IU/mL), APST: autologous plasma skin test, ASST: autologous serum skin test, CAU: Chronic autoimmune urticaria, ESR: Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (normal range = 0-20 mm/hr), NSAID = nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, and TA = Thyroid autoimmunity.
