Impact of Health-Promoting Lifestyle Education Intervention on Health-Promoting Behaviors and Health Status of Postmenopausal Women: A Quasi-Experimental Study from Sri Lanka
Table 2
Comparison of mean scores of health-promoting behaviors and menopausal symptoms scores between experimental and control groups in three stages of evaluation (n = 72).
Parameter
Group
Evaluations
Within-group comparison ( value)
Between-group comparison ( value)
Between-group comparison at the end of 6-month follow-up ( value)
Before the intervention, mean (SD)
Immediately after the intervention, mean (SD)
After 6-month follow-up, mean (SD)
Health-promoting behaviors
Health responsibility
E
18.08 (4.02)
21.70 (1.50)
27.78 (0.67)
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
C
17.34 (1.78)
18.05 (1.76)
15.02 (1.80)
<0.001
Physical activities
E
14.83 (2.12)
20.29 (1.72)
23.62 (1.51)
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
C
13.08 (1.31)
12.77 (1.35)
15.82 (1.29)
<0.001
Nutrition
E
21.56 (2.64)
22.94 (1.79)
28.00 (0.52)
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
C
17.91 (1.68)
18.17 (1.44)
18.20 (1.98)
0.36
Spiritual growth
E
22.78 (3.21)
23.32 (2.18)
27.86 (0.88)
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
C
18.45 (1.88)
18.60 (1.80)
17.51 (2.18)
<0.01
Interpersonal relations
E
21.35 (3.33)
23.18 (1.72)
27.86 (0.88)
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
C
17.71 (2.05)
17.20 (2.15)
17.51 (2.18)
0.07
Stress management
E
19.10 (3.42)
20.59 (1.93)
24.86 (0.78)
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
C
15.48 (1.61)
15.62 (1.29)
16.68 (1.54)
<0.01
Overall health promoting behavior score
E
117.72 (14.60)
132.05 (8.98)
159.83 (3.89)
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
C
100.00 (8.81)
100.62 (8.71)
101.42 (8.80)
<0.01
Menopausal symptoms scores
Psychological symptoms
E
3.13 (3.03)
3.25 (3.01)
2.24 (2.91)
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
C
4.42 (3.77)
5.54 (4.61)
8.85 (4.05)
<0.001
Somato-vegetative symptoms
E
4.81 (3.47)
4.78 (3.37)
3.43 (3.09)
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
C
5.52 (3.10)
6.94 (2.98)
9.80 (2.50)
<0.001
Urogenital symptoms
E
1.48 (1.81)
1.50 (1.80)
1.05 (1.88)
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
C
2.14 (2.10)
2.97 (2.45)
5.62 (2.22)
<0.001
Overall MRS score
E
9.43 (6.97)
9.40 (6.89)
6.72 (6.55)
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
C
12.14 (7.24)
15.45 (8.13)
24.28 (7.25)
<0.001
Groups: E = experimental; C = control; MRS = Menopause Rating Scale. Means between and within the group were compared with two-way repeated measures ANOVA. Means between the groups at the end of 6 months were compared with one-way ANCOVA while controlling the baseline characteristics.
