Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a high-risk cardio-pulmonary disorder, and while it can develop spontaneously, it is also known to be associated with many chronic lung diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or pulmonary fibrosis. In recent decades, emerging evidence on the pathogenesis of PH has been reported. This includes the demonstration of the contribution of genetic mutations, abnormal microenvironments, dysregulated immunity, and key mechanisms of pulmonary vascular remodelling to pathophysiological changes associated with PH. However, the detailed mechanisms underlying PH remain largely unclear, and so there is an urgent need for further studies.

Although numerous types of targeted medications have been developed for the clinical treatment of PH, their wide application has been restricted by high prices and insufficient efficiency. Therefore, the development of novel, powerful, and safe reagents from either on-market medications or newly synthesised chemical compounds, that can effectively inhibit PH and have lower prices, represents a promising avenue of research. In addition, the exploration of novel molecular targets or mechanisms, which have translational potential and may lead to new classes of therapies or diagnosis, has also shown much potential.

The aim of this Special Issue is to gather research into new molecular targets and translational applications for the investigation and treatment of pulmonary hypertension. We also welcome research into the subgrouping of PH based on clinical characteristics, together with molecular and/or genetic signatures by using multi-omics analysis, which may provide fundamental evidences for the concept of personalised diagnosis and precision therapy.

Potential topics include but are not limited to the following:

• Subgrouping characterisation of pulmonary hypertension, based on clinical features and multi-omics association analyses, such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, or microbiomics
• Characterisation of rare subtypes of pulmonary hypertension, including unique cases, novel molecular targets, and potential therapies
• Emerging pharmaceutical therapies for pulmonary hypertension
• In silico studies to establish novel signatures of pulmonary hypertension
• New mechanisms of lung microenvironments under different stimulations during pulmonary hypertension
• Lung immunology and related mechanisms in pulmonary hypertension