Despite the comment of United States Preventive Task Force against the screening use of PSA in detection of prostate cancer in general population, the number of estimated prostate cancer cases in 2016 still demonstrates prostate cancer as the most common cancer in men. Nevertheless, the decrease in number of estimated cases in 2016 might be a reflection of decreased use of PSA. However, more men are diagnosed with localized prostate cancer each year. Advances in technology has introduced new opportunities in treatment of localized prostate cancer. The concept of “Active Surveillance” is emerging in care of prostate cancer with the development of new high quality imaging technologies (i.e., MRI, PET). Genetic tests are growing on the market to predict the behavior of malignant cells and new lab markers are evolved to mark aggressive prostate cancer at early stages. Localized treatments are increasing in population with introduction of HIFU, CyberKnife, and NanoKnife.

This special issue aims to cover the topics in management of localized prostate cancer via basic science or clinical or epidemiological studies along with original research articles and systematic review articles and meta-analyses.

Potential topics include but are not limited to the following:

• Imaging in prostate cancer: MRI, PET, and so forth
• Genetic tests in prostate cancer: clinical use, cost, and application
• Novel markers in prostate cancer diagnosis
• Robotic surgery in localized prostate cancer
• HIFU in prostate cancer: indications, outcomes, and complications
• Role of radiation in localized prostate cancer
• Debates in use of PSA as screening tool
• Treatment of prostate cancer in young men
• Active surveillance in prostate cancer: indications, outcomes, and practical note