In the past few decades, biological and medical sciences have developed rapidly, and progress in biomedical research has significantly influenced the world. With fast-growing molecular biology technologies, our understanding of molecular pathways has comprehensively broadened, and various exciting opportunities for novel diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive tools have arisen. The aim of such research is to understand molecular pathways in basic science and develop applications for diagnostics in medical science.

However, the development of diagnostic tools and treatment strategies largely depends on the advances in molecular pathways and diagnostics, including advances of molecular mechanisms, molecular pathways especially their alternations in disease settings. As such, advances in molecular pathways and diagnostics are valuable and would greatly accelerate the translation of basic science into the development of diagnostic tools and treatment strategies.

In this Special Issue, we are looking for papers that will bring an innovative and integrated vision on the following subjects and provide state of the art knowledge on those topics. Original research as well as review articles are welcome.

Potential topics include but are not limited to the following:

• Novel methodology for biomarker detection and disease diagnosis
• The molecular and cellular mechanism of diseases and injury
• In vitro and in vivo aspects of inflammation and tissue injury
• Novel mechanism of cell injury, repair, aging, and apoptosis
• New candidates for molecular targeted therapy