In the coming decades, neurodegenerative diseases will be a huge burden across the world, especially in low- and middle-income countries. According to the most recent estimates, neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, stroke, and vascular dementia are the leading causes of affecting the quality of life of the elderly globally. Although the molecular linkages and basic mechanisms underpinning the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases are now more understood, the exact mechanisms are still unknown. As a result, finding important diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets is critical.

Biomarkers have steadily been introduced into clinical procedures and clinical trials in the field of neurodegenerative diseases over the last few decades. The biomarker pool in neurodegenerative diseases is likely to continue to grow as our ability to properly assess many biological factors and our understanding of the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases improves. Biomarkers are used for a variety of objectives, including guiding clinical diagnosis, estimating illness risk or prognosis, determining disease stage, and monitoring disease progression or therapy response. The discovery and deployment of biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and related disorders, Parkinson's disease, ataxia, stroke, Huntington's disease, diabetic neuropathy, multiple sclerosis, motor neuron disease, progressive supranuclear palsy, vascular dementia, peripheral neuropathies, and others, has transformed the area in recent decades. The ability to measure CNS and blood indicators in one convenient location opens up the possibility of using biomarkers to track illness development in clinical practice or clinical studies.

As a result, the goal of this Special Issue is to gather new articles that investigate the clinical application of biomarkers, as well as innovation and developments in molecular biomarkers in neurodegenerative diseases. Original research and review articles are welcome in order to gain a better understanding of the significance of various biomarkers in neurodegenerative diseases.

Potential topics include but are not limited to the following:

• Humoral biomarkers in neurodegenerative diseases
• Imaging markers for neurodegenerative diseases
• Genetic markers for neurodegenerative diseases
• Biomarkers based on or that elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying neurodegenerative diseases
• The use of biomarkers in translational medicine studies on neurodegenerative diseases
• Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for the molecular targets of neurodegenerative diseases
• Omics-based molecular target screening in neurodegenerative diseases
• Target prediction based on bioinformatics in neurodegenerative diseases
• Epidemiological screening for risk factors for neurodegenerative diseases