In recent years, much research has been devoted to the development of nanodrugs and their various biomedical applications. Nanodrugs are classified into different types according to their characteristics and applications across various disciplines. The most commonly used nanoparticles are metal, polymer, or metal oxide nanoparticles, nanocomposites, which are a combination of metal-metal, polymer-metals, metal-metal oxide, or metal oxide-polymer nanoparticles, or nanoformulations, which are a combination of nanoparticles with bioactive compounds.

Many chemical and biological-based drugs are used in the control of infectious diseases caused by pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, or fungi. These potential drugs are actively involved in killing and reducing the growth of microbes in humans and animals. However, chemical drugs and antibiotics can cause many harmful side effects. Nanoparticles are very small and are actively involved in antiviral and antimicrobial activity against many pathogens. Nanodrug-based studies have recently shown, both in vitro and in vivo, that nanodrugs can be applied to control various infectious pathogens, including those involved in gastroenteritis, sexually transmitted diseases, urinary tract infections, hepatitis, skin infections, eye infections, and oral diseases.

The aim of the special issue is to collect research covering areas relevant to the use of bio-based nano drugs for the control of various infectious diseases.

Potential topics include but are not limited to the following:

• Preparation of natural product-based nanodrugs
• Role of nanodrug characterization in infectious disease control
• Role of nanodrugs in bacterial infections
• Role of nanodrugs in fungal infections
• Role of nanodrugs in viral infections
• Nanodrugs used in parasitic infections
• Antimicrobial mechanisms of nanodrugs
• Antiviral activity of nanodrugs and its mechanism
• Commercial nanodrugs
• In vitro and in vivo antimicrobial activity of nanodrugs