Air pollution and climate change, including extreme weather events and subsequent environmental hazards, are a major public health concern. The impact that air pollution and climate change have on human health has emerged as a dominant topic in public health research. Therefore, understanding and assessing the role these environmental exposures play in observed health concerns is critical for informing and developing clean air and climate policies, health promotion strategies, and interventions.

Numerous ecological studies have been designed to quantify the potential impact of common meteorological factors, such as heat exposure or humidity exposure, and air pollutants, such as PM2.5 or ozone, on common population health concerns, like the rate of hospital admissions due to cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. However, significant gaps remain in our knowledge on the health impact of natural and social events associated with climate change and particles decomposed by size (e.g., ultrafine particles) or source (e.g., particles from dust). Studies at the individual level or investigating human vulnerabilities to these exposures are also limited.

This Special Issue aims to closely examine the impact exposure to air pollutants and climate change has on human health. All relevant studies involving new environmental exposures, less studied but important health outcomes, novel methodological approaches for assessing exposure, or innovative research questions are welcome. Study outcomes should be quantifiable, such as changes in hospital admission rate, readmission rate, length of hospital stay, hospital charges, comorbidities, laboratory measures, and biomarkers.

Potential topics include but are not limited to the following:

• Air pollution or extreme weather events on human health
• Natural disasters and human health
• Individual and community vulnerability assessments
• Modification effects of individual and/or community characteristics
• Using predictive models to examine environmental exposures and human health
• Intervention development and evaluation
• The interaction of policy on the relationship between environmental exposure (air pollutants, climate change) and human health