This special issue will focus on an important topic for perinatologists, neonatologists, pediatricians, biologists, and engineers.

Growth abnormalities (either growth restriction or large for gestational age) during perinatal and postnatal life are a hot topic issue, since they are often linked to alteration of uterine environment caused by placental insufficiency, maternal metabolic syndrome, and in general under- or overnutrition of the fetus. These fetal abnormalities account for the leading causes of perinatal morbidity and mortality. Moreover, under the hypothesis of developmental origin of adult diseases, they bear consequences in later life, programming the infant physiology for a higher risk of noncommunicable diseases, cardiovascular adult diseases, and neurodevelopment delay.

There is an increased evidence of the link between intrauterine and perinatal alterations and adult diseases. Although the main focus so far has been the timing of delivery and follow-up, the study of the pathophysiology and of possible recovery is of paramount importance and needs the contributions of physicians from several fields, biologists, bioinformaticians, and engineers.

This special issue will focus on several aspects of intrauterine growth abnormalities and their follow-ups.

Potential topics include but are not limited to the following:

• Intrauterine growth restriction
• Fetal consequences of diabetes and gestational diabetes
• Cardiovascular programming
• Neurodevelopmental delay
• Fetal and neonatal imaging and imaging biomarkers
• Omics studies in fetal-neonatal growth abnormalities
• Recovery strategies, therapies, and prevention
• Maternal dietary and lifestyles effects in IUGR and LGA