Molecular imaging is the visualization, characterization, and measurement of biological processes at the molecular and cellular levels in humans and other living systems. Its key utilization is in the interrogation of biologic processes in the cells of a living subject in order to report on and reveal their molecular abnormalities that form the basis of disease. This is in contrast to the classical form of diagnostic imaging where documented findings show the end effects of these molecular alterations typically via well-established gross pathology. Molecular imaging itself encompasses a new imaging paradigm that includes multiple image-capture techniques, cell/molecular biology, chemistry, pharmacology, medical physics, biomathematics, and bioinformatics. This ability to image fine molecular changes opens up exciting possibilities for medical application, including early detection and treatment of disease and basic pharmaceutical development. Molecular imaging is expected to have a major economic impact due to earlier and more precise diagnosis for various diseases. New paths in fundamental research, as well as in applied and industrial research, render the task of scientists more complex and increase the demands on them. This special issue will serve both the scientific and clinical communities by disseminating novel results and concepts relevant to the biological study of normal and disease processes in both basic and translational studies ranging from animals to humans. Potential topics include, but are not limited to:

• Development and testing of novel molecular imaging agents
• Advanced techniques in molecular imaging that elucidate molecular and cellular mechanisms of normal and disease processes
• Clinical studies involving various molecular imaging modalities, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and ultrasound
• Development of imaging hardware, quantitative modeling, and animal model systems supporting targeted imaging approaches

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