Changes in Children's Answers to Open Questions about the Earth and Gravity

Table 2

Relationships between children’s expressed knowledge of facts and the number of different types of answers given to generative questions.

Number; of facts	No answer score	Descriptions score	Synthetic answer score	Scientific answer score	Observed	Expected	𝑃
First grade
0	0	2	1	0	2	0.00	.01
2	0	2	1	0	16	0.72	<.001
2	0	1	2	0	16	0.78	<.001
2	0	0	3	0	11	0.40	<.001
2	0	1	1	1	17	2.95	<.001
2	0	0	2	1	15	60.05	<.001 ^a
Second grade
0	1	1	1	0	3	0.03	.01
2	1	2	0	0	3	0.03	.02
2	1	1	1	0	7	0.29	<.001
2	0	2	1	0	13	0.72	<.001
2	0	1	2	0	15	0.78	<.001
2	0	1	1	1	29	2.95	<.001
Third grade
2	0	0	3	0	7	0.40	<.001
2	0	0	2	1	16	2.57	<.001
2	0	0	0	3	9	1.07	.01
3	0	0	1	2	48	7.88	<.001
3	0	0	0	3	13	0.92	<.001
Fourth grade
3	0	0	1	2	60	7.88	<.001
3	0	0	0	3	31	0.92	<.001

^aAntitypes denoting patterns that appear less often than expected by chance are in italics.