The Impact on Child Developmental Status at 12 Months of Volunteer Home-Visiting Support
Table 1
Comparisons between groups in demographic characteristics of families seen at both research visits, when infants were 2 and 12 months of age (standard deviations or percentages in brackets).
Intervention group: supported
Intervention group: not supported
Total control group
Matched control group
Mean maternal age (years)
29.0 (5.7)
28.6 (5.9)
28.1 (6.1)
29.0 (5.8)
Mean number of children in family (including new baby)1
2.3 (1.1)
2.2 (1.3)
2.1 (1.1)
2.1 (0.8)
New baby male
48 (52.2)
35 (53.0)
87 (48.9)
47 (51.1)
Biological father in the home
73 (79.3)
51 (77.3)
142 (79.8)
76 (82.6)
Mother white2
76 (82.6)
48 (72.7)
161 (90.4)
79 (85.9)
Family structure
Mother single
17 (18.5)
13 (19.7)
30 (16.9)
13 (14.1)
Living with partner
27 (29.3)
22 (33.3)
71 (39.9)
40 (43.5)
Married
48 (52.2)
31 (47.0)
77 (43.3)
39 (42.4)
Mother’s highest qualification3
Degree/higher degree
19 (20.7)
7 (10.6)
10 (5.6)
10 (10.9)
Advanced level (age 18)
8 (8.9)
5 (7.6)
22 (12.4)
11 (12.0)
General certificate of secondary education (age 16)
26 (28.3)
19 (28.0)
65 (36.5)
26 (28.3)
Other qualification
32 (34.8)
28 (42.4)
63 (35.4)
38 (41.3)
None
7 (7.6)
7 (10.6)
18 (10.1)
7 (7.6)
Mother’s occupation4
Professional
9 (9.8)
4 (6.1)
17 (9.6)
10 (10.9)
Intermediate/small employer
17 (18.5)
14 (21.2)
41 (23.0)
21 (22.8)
Lower supervisory/technical/semiroutine/routine
21 (22.8)
24 (36.4)
63 (35.4)
19 (20.7)
Unemployed or student
45 (48.9)
24 (36.4)
57 (32.0)
42 (45.7)
Father’s highest qualification
Degree/higher degree
14 (17.7)
7 (13.7)
11 (6.8)
8 (9.5)
Advanced level (age 18)
7 (8.9)
4 (7.8)
16 (9.9)
11 (13.1)
General certificate of secondary education (age 16)
28 (35.4)
18 (35.3)
65 (40.4)
34 (40.5)
Other qualification
18 (22.8)
18 (35.3)
48 (29.8)
25 (29.8)
None
12 (15.2)
4 (7.8)
21 (13.0)
6 (7.1)
Father’s occupation
Professional
9 (10.8)
6 (10.2)
11 (6.7)
5 (5.8)
Intermediate/small employer
21 (25.3)
10 (16.9)
32 (19.4)
21 (24.4)
Lower supervisory/technical/semiroutine/routine
43 (51.8)
37 (62.7)
107 (64.8)
52 (60.5)
Unemployed or student
10 (12.0)
6 (10.2)
15 (9.1)
8 (9.3)
1Mean higher for intervention supported group () versus total control group (), , .
2Proportion lower in intervention-supported group () versus total control group (), chi-square 3.476, 1 df, .
3Significant difference between intervention-supported group () and total control group (), chi-square 15.73, 4 df, .
4Significant difference between intervention-supported group () and total control group (), chi-square 8.25, 3 df, .
