The Dopamine Receptor D4 Gene 7-Repeat Allele Interacts with Parenting Quality to Predict Effortful Control in Four-Year-Old Children

Table 2

Summary of regression models.

	Time 3 - CBQ temperament scales
Dependent variables	Sensation Seeking	Effortful Control	Negative Affect
Step 1
Adjusted R square	−.03	−.04	−.03
Degrees of freedom	2, 49	2, 49	2, 49
Sig. F change	.71	.87	.70
Sex of child
Standardized beta	−.04	−.05	−.04
Significance	.80	.71	.81
Age of child at T3
Standardized beta	.11	.05	−.12
Significance	.44	.71	.42
Step 2
Adjusted R square	−.01	−.05	−.02
Degrees of freedom	2, 47	2, 47	2, 47
Sig. F change	.29	.57	.32
DRD4 7-repeat status
Standardized beta	−.20	.14	.22
Significance	.16	.33	.14
Parenting quality
Standardized beta	.10	.07	.03
Significance	.51	.65	.83
Step 3
Adjusted R square	−.02	.08	−.04
Degrees of freedom	1, 46	1, 46	1, 46
Sig. F change	.44	.008*	.66
DRD4 7-R X parenting quality
Standardized beta	−.14	.47	.08
Significance	.44	.008*	.66

^∗Denotes 𝑃<0.05.