Research Article

Socioeconomic, Demographic, and Environmental Determinants of Under-5 Mortality in Ethiopia: Evidence from Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey, 2016

Table 4

Determinants of under-five mortality (EDHS, 2016).

Covariates/Determinants Ever experienced an Under five death (n=10274)
Odds ration95% Confidence IntervalP-value (P>z)

Region(Addis Ababa)
Tigray1.332.917, 1.935.132
Affar2.0481.371, 3.058<.0001
Amhara1.8641.281, 2.712.001
Oromiya1.4471.002, 2.091.049
Somali1.412.958, 2.080.081
Benishangul-Gumuz1.407.952, 2.079.087
SNNPR1.9161.305, 2.815.001
Gambela2.0671.380, 3.095<.0001
Harari1.388.942, 2.047.098
Dire Dawa1.9711.338, 2.904.001
Residence (Rural)
Urban.989.788, 1.240.920
Sex of household head( Female)
Male1.100.958, 1.264.177
Wealth index(Richest).402
Poorest1.183.871, 1.606.282
Poorer1.290.971, 1.714.079
Middle1.160.886, 1.520.280
Richer1.208.939, 1.554.141
Mother education (Higher)<.0001
No education2.6101.598, 4.265<.0001
Primary2.2711.398, 3.687.001
Secondary2.7631.684, 4.534<.0001
Sex of child (Female)
Male.956.867, 1.054.365
Maternal age at first birth(25 and higher)<.0001
11-171.5561.243, 1.949<.0001
18-241.200.967, 1.489.098
Maternal age(45-49)<.0001
24 and less.295.227, .383<.0001
25-29.350.285, .429<.0001
30-34.405.337, .487<.0001
35-39.554.464, .661<.0001
40-44.690.573, .831<.0001
Husband occupation (Others).001
not working.679.533, .864.002
Agricultural.951.780, 1.159.618
Professional.783.618, .991.042
skilled/unskilled manual.955.747, 1.220.711
Mother occupation( skilled/manual).008
not working.816.666, .999.049
Professional1.012.808, 1.267.917
Agricultural.960.776, 1.187.705
Birth order(5 and more)<.0001
1.110.084, .145<.0001
2, 3 or 4.382.335, .436<.0001
Preceding birth interval ( greater than 36)<.0001
1-182.1641.821, 2.570<.0001
19-361.3201.181, 1.474<.0001
Fuel (Others).358
Electricity1.031.757, 1.404.848
gas/kerosene1.516.858, 2.678.152
Birth type (Multiple birth)
Single birth.355.250, .505<.0001
Religion (Others)<.0001
Coptic orthodox.809.557, 1.173.263
Protestant.713.495, 1.026.069
Muslim1.040.721, 1.499.833
Place of delivery (Home)
Health center0.4940.293, 08320.008
Breastfeeding status (Yes)
No2.8942.418, 3.464<0.0001
Size of child at birth (larger)
Smaller1.9071.325, 2.7470.001
Average1.0820.751, 1.5590.672
Sources of waterplace of residence-.2296426-.4244 -.03490.021
Wealth indextoilet facility-.1654054-.262 -.0690.001
Wealth indexmother education-.076356-.150 -.00240.043
Mother educationmother age0.1990.103, 0.29<0.0001
Preceding birth intervalbirth order-0.123-.177 -.069<0.0001
Preceding birth intervalbirth type.7549096.545 .965<0.0001

Reference categories are in parenthesis.