Cardiovascular Therapeutics

Review Article

Potential Roles of Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonists (GLP-1 RAs) in Nondiabetic Populations

Table 1

Summary of GLP-1 RA guidelines in different countries.


	Australian guideline	The US guideline	Chinese guideline	EU guideline	UK guideline

Approved GLP-1 RA use	Exenatide Dulaglutide Liraglutide Semaglutide	Exenatide Dulaglutide Liraglutide Semaglutide Lixisenatide	Exenatide Dulaglutide Liraglutide Semaglutide Loxenatide Benaglutide	Exenatide Dulaglutide Liraglutide Semaglutide	Exenatide Lixisenatide Dulaglutide Liraglutide Semaglutide

Recommendations	Second line agent after metformin in T2DM patients				Fourth line as add on to metformin and SU therapy if or significant issues with insulin use
Recommendations	First line in T2DM with CVD risk, CKD without albuminuria Obesity/overweight without diabetes		First line in T2DM with CVD risk, CKD without albuminuria, and obesity/overweight Not for obesity and overweight without diabetes	First line agent in T2DM with established or high risk of CVD

Concerns	GI side effects are common, increased risk of hypoglycaemia with metformin or SU therapy, pancreatitis, and gall bladder disease	GI side effects are common, injection site reactions, pancreatitis, FDA black box—risk of thyroid C-cell tumours in rodents, and human relevance not determined	Contraindicated for use in pregnant or lactating women, patients with severe gastrointestinal disease, a history or high risk of pancreatitis, and not for	GI side effects are common, less effective than SGLT2i at reducing HF hospitalisations	GI side effects are common, not cost effective as first line therapy

SU: sulphonylurea.