Duality of Complex Systems Built from Higher-Order Elements

Figure 4

(a) Original circuit containing a nonlinear resistor R, a linear inductor L, a nonlinear inerter I (see [30] for details), and a current source i. The nodes ① and ② are added within the meshes (loops) l_l and l₂. Also, the datum node ⓪ is added to the wire which surrounds the circuit. (b) Adding circuit elements which are duals of the elements from Figure 4(a). (c) Final dual circuit. (d) Equivalent circuit after the Thévenin transformation of the linear C-v subcircuit; a, m, n, and h are specific parameters of nonlinear models.