Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of cancer death and is increasing in incidence around the world. Fortunately, in the last decade, therapeutic breakthroughs have occurred in the treatment of NSCLCs harboring specific oncogenic drivers, such as EGFR and ALK, and this has greatly improved patient prognosis. Additionally, therapeutic antibodies blocking PD-1/PD-L1 or CTAL-4 can significantly enhance the killing effect of immune cells on tumor cells and are now frequently used in the treatment of NSCLCs. However, there are still a large number of lung cancer patients without ideal corresponding targeted treatment methods. There is still an urgent need to look for new therapeutic targets and new approaches in clinical practice.

This Special Issue aims to investigate possible new therapeutic targets for NSCLCs, such as gene mutations, fusions, or specific antigens. We aim to highlight molecular mechanisms behind how the therapeutic targets promote carcinogenesis and the development of NSCLCs. We also aim to explore the corresponding approaches which can block the therapeutic targets and help us to enhance therapeutic efficacy. Original research and review articles, as well as clinical trials that focus on the incidence and the clinicopathological characteristics related to the therapeutic targets, are welcome. We hope this Special Issue can provide a multi-perspective view of the target therapies and bring new insights to improve the prognosis of patients with NSCLC.

Potential topics include but are not limited to the following:

• Novel gene mutations, fusions, or other oncogenetic aberrations
• Specific tumor antigens that can be targets in immunotherapy
• Carcinogenic molecular mechanisms of new therapeutic targets
• Potential strategies to treat new therapeutic targets
• Clinical or bioinformatic analyses that focus on new target therapeutic targets