Review Article

Sporotrichosis: An Overview and Therapeutic Options

Table 1

Recommendations by Infectious Diseases Society of America for Sporotrichosis Treatment.

Sr. number Clinical manifestationsPreferred treatment [dose] Alternative treatmentRemarks

1Uncomplicated cutaneous sporotrichosisItraconazole [200 mg/day]Itraconazole [200 mg b.i.d.] or terbinafine [500 mg b.i.d.] or SSKI [increasing doses] or fluconazole [400–800 mg/day] or local hyperthermiaTreatment for 2–4 weeks after lesions have resolved

2Osteoarticular sporotrichosisItraconazole [200 mg twice daily (b.i.d.)]Liposomal amphotericin B (3–5 mg/kg/day) or deoxycholate amphotericin B [0.7–1 mg/kg/day] until resolutionSwitching to itraconazole after resolution and treatment for a total of 12 months

3Pulmonary sporotrichosisLiposomal amphotericin B [3–5 mg/kg/day] and then itraconazole [200 mg b.i.d.]Deoxycholate amphotericin B [0.7–1 mg/kg/day] until recovery and then itraconazole [200 mg b.i.d.]Treating less severe disease with itraconazole. Treatment for at least 12 months

4Meningeal sporotrichosisLiposomal Amphotericin B [3–5 mg/kg/day] and then itraconazole [200 mg b.i.d.]Deoxycholate amphotericin B [0.7–1 mg/kg/day] until recovery and then itraconazole [200 mg b.i.d.]Length of therapy with amphotericin B is not established. Treatment for 4–6 weeks and total of 12 months. Suppressive therapy with itraconazole is needed

5Disseminated sporotrichosisLiposomal amphotericin B [3–5 mg/kg/day] and then itraconazole [200 mg b.i.d.]Deoxycholate amphotericin B [0.7–1 mg/kg/day] until recovery and then Itraconazole [200 mg b.i.d.]Treatment with amphotericin B until objective improvement and for at least 12 months. Suppressive therapy with itraconazole is needed

6Sporotrichosis in pregnant women Treating only severe sporotrichosis with liposomal amphotericin B [3–5 mg/kg/day] or deoxycholate amphotericin B [0.7–1 mg/kg/day].
Treatment with local hyperthermia [approx. 45°C] for uncomplicated cutaneous sporotrichosis
Preferably, defer treatment for uncomplicated cases

7Sporotrichosis in childrenItraconazole [6–10 mg/kg/d or maximum of 400 mg/day] for mild disease, deoxycholate amphotericin B [0.7–1 mg/kg/day] for severe diseaseSSKI with increasing doses equivalent to half the adult dose for a duration as in adultsTreating severe disease with an amphotericin B formulation

Modified after Kauffman et al. [65].