Ginseng Berry Extract Prevents Atherogenesis via Anti-Inflammatory Action by Upregulating Phase II Gene Expression
Figure 5
KGBE upregulates HO-1 and GCLC and inhibits inflammatory gene expression in vitro and in vivo. (a) Expression levels of HO-1 and GCLC proteins and mRNAs were analyzed in aortic tissues from ApoE−/− mice fed NCD, HFD, and HFD supplemented with KGBE for 16 weeks. (b) Peritoneal macrophages isolated from ApoE−/− mice were treated with 100 μg/mL KGBE for 8 h, and levels of HO-1 and GCLC protein and mRNA were determined by Western blot and RT-PCR analyses. (c–f) ApoE−/− macrophages were pretreated with 100 μg/mL KGBE in the presence or absence of 20 μM SnPP and 20 μM BSO for 30 min. The cells were stimulated with LPS for 8 h (RT-PCR) and 12 h (Western blotting and medium analysis). Protein and mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines and enzymes were determined by the methods described in Figure 3. Data shown in graphs are the mean ± S.D. (). * and **.
