The Protective Effects of Cobra Venom from Naja naja atra on Acute and Chronic Nephropathy

Figure 12

The effects of NNAV on NF-κB activation. Wistar rats were treated as described in the legend of Figure 1. At the end of the experiment, rats were killed, and the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 was determined with immunofluorescence with kidney paraffin sections. Nuclei were stained with DAPI ((a)–(e)), and NF-κB p65 was stained with FITC-conjugated donkey anti-mouse IgG ((f)–(j)). Overlay of the images (p65 with DAPI, (k)–(o)) indicated the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 (yellow arrows) in some tubular cells. Scale bar: 5.5 μm.