The Protective Effects of Cobra Venom from Naja naja atra on Acute and Chronic Nephropathy

Figure 3

The effects of NNAV on levels of serum creatinine (SCr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) in acute and chronic nephropathy rats. Wistar rats were treated as described in the legend of Figure 1. At the end of the experiment, rats were killed and blood samples were collected for determination of serum levels of SCr and BUN in adriamycin ((a) and (b)) and glycerol ((c) and (d)) models. *𝑃<0.05, **𝑃<0.01, and ***𝑃<0.001 compared with “saline + saline” group; ^#𝑃<0.05 and ^###𝑃<0.001 compared with “adriamycin (or glycerol) + saline” group; 𝑛=7--10.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)