Therapeutic Effects of Fermented Flax Seed Oil on NC/Nga Mice with Atopic Dermatitis-Like Skin Lesions

Figure 2

Regulation of mast cell activation. (a1) FFS Oil, FFSO; Ratio of Fc receptor to GAPDH expression in cells was determined by real-time PCR. Real-time PCR product-stimulated macrophages were analyzed as described in Section 2. Data were expressed as the mean ± SD of duplicate experiments in three different wells. (a2) Cells were treated with the indicated concentration of FFSO. Degranulation was assessed by β-hexosaminidase release into the supernatant. β-hexosaminidase released into the medium is presented as the mean ± SE. (b) Numbers of degranulated mast cell (white arrow) in the dermal papillae increased in the AE group but decreased in the AT group (Luna’s method; Bar size, 50 µm). Fc ε receptor-positive cells (arrow indicates dark brown) in the HTT remarkably decreased (substance-P immunohistochemistry; Bar size, 50 µm). Mast cells secreting substance-P, MMP-9, and 5-HT (arrow indicates dark brown) in the AT group remarkably decreased (immunohistochemistry; Bar size, 50 µm). MMP-9: matrix metalloproteinases-9, 5-HT: serotonin. Other abbreviations are the same as in Figure 1. compared with AE; compared with AE; compared with Ctrl.