Medicinal Plants for the Treatment of Local Tissue Damage Induced by Snake Venoms: An Overview from Traditional Use to Pharmacological Evidence

Table 7

List of medicinal plants with inhibitory potential against local effects induced by Crotalus snakes.

Plant name	Part used	Snake venom	Inhibited activities		Reference(s)
			In vitro	In vivo
Apocynaceae
Fernaldia pandurata (syn. Mandevilla velutina)	Leaf, stem, subterranean system	C. d. terrificus	PLA2	Edema, myotoxicity	[125]
Mandevilla illustris	Subterranean system	C. d. terrificus	PLA2	—	[190]
Asteraceae
Eclipta prostrata (syn. Eclipta alba)^#	Aerial parts	C. d. terrificus	Myotoxicity	Myotoxicity	[11]
Bignoniaceae
Fridericia chica (syn. Arrabidaea chica)	Leaf	C. d. ruruima	—	Edema	[133]
Fabaceae
Pentaclethra	Bark	C. atrox	—	Hemorrhage	[145]
Schizolobium parahyba	Leaf	C. d. terrificus	PLA2	Edema	[146, 147]
Musaceae
	Exudate	C. d. terrificus	PLA2	—	[155]
Rubiaceae
Randia	Fruit	C. simus	—	Myotoxicity	[78]
Sapindaceae
Sapindus saponaria	In vitro cultivated callus	C. d. terrificus	PLA2	—	[161]

PLA₂ = snake venom phospholipase A₂. ^#Vegetal species with related folk use as antiophidic agents, as showed in Table 1. Studies where inhibitory activity was assessed only by preincubation of venom with extract (see Section 4.1 for details).