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Reported pharmacological effects of pure compounds/ crude extracts of M. indica | Compounds responsible for reported pharmacological activity | Part(s) used to isolate |
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Cytotoxic and apoptotic effects [53–56, 99–116] | 29-Hydroxy mangiferonic acid | Bark [117], resin [59] |
3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (protocatechuic acid) | Bark [118], fruit peel [30] |
Catechin | Bark [118] and leaves [119] |
Elemene | Flower [60], leaves [60], and bark [120] |
Epigallocatechin gallate | Leaves [119], bark [121] |
Ethyl gallate | Flower [60] |
Friedelin | Bark [59, 60] |
Gallic acid | Seed [122], bark [118] |
Humulene | Leaf and flower [60] |
Kaempferol | Fruit [56–58] |
Linalool | Flowers [60], leaves [60], and fruits [123] |
Mangiferin | Bark, leaves, and fruit [17, 54, 55] |
Methyl gallate | Flower [60] |
Mono(2-ethylhexyl) ester | Bark [51] |
N-octyl gallate | Flower [60] |
N-propyl gallate | Flower [60] |
Quercetin | Bark [113–115], fruit [113–115], and leaves [113–115] |
β-carotene | Fruit [61] |
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Anti-inflammatory effects [53–56, 112, 124–128] | 5-(11′Z-Heptadecenyl)-resorcinol and 5-(8′Z, 11′Z-heptadecadienyl)-resorcinol | Fruit [124] |
Epigallocatechin gallate | Leaves [119], bark [121] |
Friedelin | Bark [59, 60] |
Gallic acid | Seed [122], bark [118] |
Humulene | Leaf and flower [60] |
Kaempferol | Fruit [56–58] |
Mangiferin | Bark, leaves, fruit [17, 54, 55] |
Shikimic acid | Bark [61], fruit [129] |
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Antioxidant effects [53–56, 104, 106, 130–134] | 3,4-Dihydroxy benzoic acid (protocatechuic acid) | Bark [118], fruit peel [30] |
Catechin | Bark [118] and leaves [119] |
Ethyl gallate | Flower [60] |
Gallic acid | Seed [122] bark [118] |
Kaempferol | Fruit [56–58] |
Linalool | Flowers [60], leaves [60], fruits [123] |
Mangiferin | Bark, leaves, fruit [17, 54, 55] |
Methyl gallate | Flower [60] |
N-octyl gallate | Flower [60] |
N-propyl gallate | Flower [60] |
Quercetin | Bark [113–115], fruit [113–115] and leaves [113–115] |
Shikimic acid | Bark [61], fruit [135] |
β-carotene | Fruit [61] |
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Antibacterial effects [51, 53–56, 106, 113–115, 118, 136–142] | 3,4-Dihydroxy benzoic acid (Protocatechuic acid) | Bark [118], fruit peel [30] |
3-Chloro-N-(2-phenylethyl) propanamide | Bark [51] |
9,12-Tetradecadiene-1-ol-acetate | Bark [51] |
Benzoic acid | Bark [118] |
Catechin | Bark [118] and leaves [119] |
Gallic acid | Seed [122] bark [118] |
Kaempferol | Fruit [56–58] |
Linalool | Flowers [60], leaves [60], fruits [139] |
Mangiferin | Bark, leaves, fruit [17, 54, 55] |
Methyl gallate | Flower [60] |
N-Heneicosane | Bark [60] |
N-Propyl gallate | Flower [60] |
Quercetin | Bark [113–115], fruit [113–115] and leaves [113–115] |
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Antifungal effects [113–115, 143–147] | Benzoic acid | Bark [118] |
Catechin | Bark [118] and leaves [119] |
Mangiferin | Bark, leaves, fruit [17, 54, 55] |
Nerol | Leaf and flower [60] |
N-Pentyl gallate | Flower [60] |
N-Propyl gallate | Flower [60] |
Quercetin | Bark [113–115], fruit [113–115] and leaves [113–115] |
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Antiviral effects [54, 55, 148–151] | Catechin | Bark [118] and leaves [119] |
Isomangiferin | Bark [60] and leaves [152] |
Mangiferin | Bark, leaves, fruit [17, 54, 55] |
Methyl gallate | Flower [60] |
N-Pentyl gallate | Flower [60] |
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Antidiabetic effects [54–58, 106, 153] | 3,4-Dihydroxy benzoic acid (Protocatechuic acid) | Bark [118], fruit peel [30] |
Gallic acid | Seed [122] bark [118] |
Kaempferol | Fruit [56–58] |
Mangiferin | Bark, leaves, fruit [17, 54, 55] |
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Antimalarial activity [51, 54, 55] | 3-Chloro-N-(2-phenylethyl) propanamide | Bark [51] |
Mangiferin | Bark, leaves, fruit [17, 54, 55] |
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Antiobesity activities [53, 106, 113–116, 154–156] | Epigallocatechin gallate | Leaves [119], bark [121] |
Friedelin | Bark [59, 60] |
Gallic acid | Seed [122] bark [118] |
Mono(2-ethylhexyl) ester | Bark [51] |
Quercetin | Bark [113–115], fruit [113–115] and leaves [113–115] |
β-carotene | Fruit [61] |
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Immunomodulatory [54, 55, 116] | Mangiferin | Bark, leaves, fruit [17, 54, 55] |
β-carotene | Fruit [61] |
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Neuroprotective/analgesic effects/aphrodisiac effects/analgesic [54, 55, 113–115, 126, 157–159] | Friedelin | Bark [59, 60] |
Linalool | Flowers [60], leaves [60], fruits [139] |
Mangiferin | Bark, leaves, fruit [17, 54, 55] |
Nerol | Leaf and flower [60] |
Quercetin | Bark [113–115], fruit [113–115] and leaves [113–115] |
Ocimene | Flower and leaves [60, 61] |
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Effects on PC12 tyrosine kinase activity [160] | Catechin | Bark [118] and leaves [119] |
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Antifibrotic effects [161] | Elemene | Flower [60], leaves [60] and bark [120] |
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Hemolytic activity [104] | Ethyl gallate | Flower [60] |
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Antipyretic activity [126] | Friedelin | Bark [59, 60] |
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Anthelminthic effects [54, 55] | Mangiferin | Bark, leaves, fruit [17, 54, 55] |
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Cardioprotective [54, 55] | Mangiferin | Bark, leaves, fruit [17, 54, 55] |
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Antiamoebic [54, 55] | Mangiferin | Bark, leaves, fruit [17, 54, 55] |
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Antiallergic [54, 55] | Mangiferin | Bark, leaves, fruit [17, 54, 55] |
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Bronchodilatory effects [54, 55] | Mangiferin | Bark, leaves, fruit [17, 54, 55] |
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Lipolytic effects [54, 55] | Mangiferin | Bark, leaves, fruit [17, 54, 55] |
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Effects on cytoplasmic maturation of oocytes [162] | Mono(2-ethylhexyl) ester | Bark [51] |
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Inhibitive effects on hyaluronidase and collagenase [163] | N-Octyl gallate | Flower [60] |
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Nematicidal activity [164] | Ocimene | Flower and leaves [60, 61] |
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Effects on blood pressure [53, 113–115] | Quercetin | Bark [113–115], fruit [113–115] and leaves [113–115] |
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Anticoagulant/antithrombotic [165] | Shikimic acid | Bark [61], fruit [129] |
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