Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Review Article

The Confrontation between Ethnopharmacology and Pharmacological Tests of Medicinal Plants Associated with Mental and Neurological Disorders

Table 1

Family names, forms of preparation, used part of the plants, medicinal effects cited by population, the pharmacological effects tested for cited plants with the references, and the divergence between the cited effects by population and pharmacological tests.


Family Scientific name/common name	Forms of preparation/used part	Medicinal effects cited by population	Pharmacological tests	Divergences

Acanthaceae

Hygrophila tyttha Leonard/Tame-male	Infusion/Part air plant	Calmative [26]	Anxiolytic effect, anticonvulsant and sedative [26]	No

Justicia pectoralis Jacq./Anador	Decoction/Leaf	Headache [27]	Anxiolytic and depressor Neural Central System [28], analgesic and anti-inflammatory [29], estrogenic, progestagenic and anti-inflammatory effects [30], antioxidant [31]	No

Alismataceae

Echinodorus grandiflorus (Cham. & Schltdl.) Mich./Hat leatherback	Decoction/Leaf	Analgesic [21]	Anti-inflammatory and analgesic [32, 33], diuretic [33], antihypertensive [34, 35]	No

Amaranthaceae

Alternanthera paronychioides St-Hil./Anador	Not found/Leaf, stalk	Analgesic [36]	Antioxidant [37]	Yes

Apiaceae

Apium graveolens L./Celery	Not found/Complete plant	Calmative [36]	Vasorelaxant and antihypertensive [38]	Yes

Coriandrum sativum L./Coriander	Infusion/Seed	Headache [39]	Antioxidant [40], anti-inflammatory [41], antibacterial [42], anxiolytic, sedative and muscle relaxant [43], antifungal [44], hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and hepatoprotective [45], analgesic [46]	No

Pimpinella anisum L./Fennel	Infusion/Seed	Calmative [7, 27, 39, 47–49]	Antibacterial [50], neuroprotective and anticonvulsant [51], antiviral and immunostimulating [52], antioxidant [53], anticancer [54]	No

Foeniculum vulgareMill./Fennel	Decoction/Stalk	Headache and calmative [13, 36, 55–60]	Antimicrobial [61], diuretic [62], antihelminthic [63], antioxidant [64], anxiolytic [65]	No

Aquifoliaceae

Ilex paraguariensis/Erva Mate	Infusion/leaves, branches	Stimulant [66]	Stimulant [66]	No

Araliaceae

Didymopanax macrocarpum (C. & S.) Seem./ Five leaves	Compress, bathe/Leaf	Analgesic [67]	Not found	Not found

Hedera helix/Hiedra	Cataplasm/Leaf	Analgesic, neuritis, neuralgia [68]	Expectorant and antitussive [69], mucolytic and bronchodilator [70], anti-inflammatory [71]	No

Aristolochiaceae

Aristolochia esperanzae O. Kuntze./Papo de peru, cipo-millhomem	Decoction/Complete plant	Analgesic [67]	Antiophidic activity [72], antimicrobial [73]	Yes

Aristolochia gilbertii Hook/Milhomem	Infusion/Root	Headache [7]	Not found	Not found

Aristolochia melastoma Manso ex. Duchtra/Capitãozinho	Decoction/Root, leaf	Sedative [67]	Not found	Not found

Asteraceae

Achillea millefolium L./Ponta-alívio	Decoction/Complete plant	Calmative, analgesic [21, 36, 47, 57, 74, 75]	Immunostimulating [76]	Yes

Achyrocline satureioides D.C./Macela	Infusion/Flower	Sedative, calmative, headache [56, 67, 75, 77, 78]	Anticancer [79], calmative effect, anti-inflammatory and antispasmodic [80], antiviral [81]	No

Artemisia absinthium L./Losna	Decoction/Leaf	Analgesic [21, 82]	Anticancer [83], antifungal [84], antibacterial [85], antileishmanial [86]	Yes

Artemisia camphorata Vill./Camphor	Infusion/Leaves	Calmative [58] antiepileptic [87]	Not found	Not found

Artemisia vulgaris L./Artemisia	Not found	Headache [88]	Antifungal [89]	Yes

Chamomilla recutita (L.) Rauschter/Camomile	Infusion/Flower	Calmative, sedative [36, 39, 48, 57, 90–92]	Antibacterial and anti-inflammatory [92, 93], gastroprotection [94], antihyperglycemic and antioxidant [95]	Yes

Chrysanthemum parthenium Bernhadi/Artemisia	Decoction, infusion/Leaves	Calmative [78]	Not found	Not found

Cynara scolymus L./Artichoke	Not found	Calmative [74]	Diuretic [96], prolonged satiety sensation and hypoglycemic [97], antioxidant [98]	Yes

Lactuca sativa L./Lettuce	In nature, infusion/Leaves, root	Calmative, sedative [74, 99]	Antioxidant [100]	Yes

Matricaria chamomilla L./Camomile	Infusion/Leaves	Calmative [56, 75, 78, 101, 102]	Antibacterial and antioxidant [103]	Yes

Mikania hirsutissima DC./Cipó-cabeludo	Not found	Calmative [67, 104]	Antiophidic activity and antidiarrheal [105]	Yes

Solidago chilensis Meyen/Arnica	Compress/Complete plant	Analgesic [106]	Anti-inflammatory [107]	Yes

Spilanthes oleracea/Anestesiol	Not found	Anesthetic [108]	Peptic antiulcer and contraception [109]	Yes

Tanacetum sp./Macelinha	Decoction/Complete plant	Analgesic [23]	Not found	Not found

Tanacetum vulgare L./Catinga-de-mulata	Decoction, maceration/Leaves	Analgesic [23]	Antibacterial and antifungal [110], antiviral [111], cytotoxic [112], treatment of infections caused by Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania amazonensis [113], immunomodulatory [114], antihelminthic [115]	Yes

Vernonia cf. condensata Baker./Boldo do chile	Infusion/Bark	Calmative [57]	Antitumor and anti-inflammatory [116], antioxidant [117]	Yes

Bignoniaceae

Anemopaegma arvense/Catuaba	Infusion, decoction/Root, bark, leaves	Nervous exhaustion [118]	Increased weight and testicular parenchyma [119], antifungal [120]	Yes

Bombacaceae

Eriotheca candolleana (K. Schum.)/Catuaba	Infusion/Root	Nervous exhaustion [121]	Not found	Not found

Boraginaceae

Cordia verbenacea DC./Maria preta	Bathe/Leaves	Analgesic [49]	Antimicrobial [122], anti-inflammatory [123]	No

Brassicaceae

Coronopus didymus (L.) Smith/Mastruz	Maceration/Leaves	Analgesic [49]	Healing [124], anti-inflammatory [125]	No

Bromeliaceae

Tillandsia usneoides (L.) L/Barba de velho	Not found	Antiepileptic [49]	Abortion [126], antiviral [127]	Yes

Buddlejaceae

Buddleja brasiliensis Jacq./Verbasco	Infusion, cataplasm/Part air plant	Calmative [67]	Low potential hemolytic [128]	Yes

Burseraceae

Commiphora myrrha (T. Nees) Engl/Myrrh	Infusion/Leaves	Calmative [49]	Antioxidant [117], analgesic [129]	Yes

Caesalpiniaceae

Bauhinia forficata Link./Pata de vaca	Decoction/Leaves	Analgesic [23]	Antioxidant and increased liver glycogen [130], antimutagenic [131]	Yes

Bauhinia rutilans Spruce ex. Benth/Escada-de-macaco	Infusion/Part air plant	Analgesic [99]	Not found	Not found

Canellaceae

Capsicodendron dinissi Occhioni/Pepper	Not found	Migraine [104]	Not found	Not found

Capparaceae

Cleome spinosa Jacq./Mussambê	Infusion/Complete plant	Headache [132]	Cytotoxic [49], antioxidant [133], anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive [134]	No

Caprifoliaceae

Sambucus nigra L./Elderberry	Decoction/Leaves	Analgesic [23, 49]	Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant [134], parasiticidal [135]	No

Chenopodiaceae

Chenopodium ambrosioides L./Yerba Santa Maria	Maceration, infusion/Leaves, bark, seed	Analgesic, calmative [23, 48, 57]	Antitumor [79], hypotensive [136], antipyretic and anxiolytic [137]	Yes

Compositaceae

Baccharis trimera (Less) D.C./Gorse	Infusion/Leaves	Headache [138]	Antiulcer and antioxidant [139], anti-inflammatory [140], anti-inflammatory and analgesic [141]	No

Vernonia condensata B./Boldo	Infusion, decoction/Leaves	Calmative [138]	Antioxidant [117], analgesic [142]	Yes

Cucurbitaceae

Cayaponia tayuya (Vell.) Cogn./Taiuia	Infusion, decoction/Root	Neuralgia [67]	Hepatotoxic [142], anti-inflammatory [143]	Yes

Dilleniaceae

Davilla rugosa Poir./Vine cabloco	Bathe/Root	Sedative [67]	Antioxidant [144], antiulcer [145]	Yes

Euphorbiaceae

Jatropha curcas L./Pião-bravo	Infusion/Seed	Headache [102, 132]	Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor [146], antibacterial, antioxidant and antitumor [147, 148], cytotoxic [149]	Yes

Ricinus communis L./Castor beans	Infusion/Leaves	Headache [77, 87]	Antimicrobial and anticancer [150], antimicrobial [151]	Yes

Fabaceae

Caesalpinia ferrea Mart. ex. Tul./Pau ferro	Not found	Analgesic [57]	Nutritional supplementation of iron, zinc and manganese [152] anti-inflammatory and healing [153], antihyperglycemic [154], antimicrobial [155]	No

Cajanus flavus De Candolle/Andu beans	Infusion/Leaves	Headache [99]	Not found	Not found

Erythrina falcata Benth/Surina, mulungu	Not found	Sedative and antiepileptic [67, 104]	Depressant CNS [156]	No

Indigofera anil/Anil	Not found	Sedative [107]	Not found	Not found

Indigofera suffruticosa Mill./Anileira	Decoction, infusion/Complete plant	Sedative [67]	Anti-inflammatory [157], lectin activity [158], antiepileptic [159], antiparasitic [160]	Yes

Pterodon emarginatus/Sucupira	Infusion/leaves, fruit	Headache [120]	Antimicrobial [161–163], analgesic and anti-inflammatory [164]; antileishmanial, anticancer, hypoglycemic [165]	No

Ginkgoaceae

Ginkgobiloba/Ginco	Decoction, infusion/Leaves	Vasodilator, brain dysfunction, dizziness and concentration and memory [160]	Treatment of Alzheimer disease [166], prevention of dementia [167], antioxidant, vasodilator, stimulant of SNC [168]	No

Geraniaceae

Pelargonium graveolens L’Her/ Mauve smelling	Not found	Sedative [87]	Anxiolytic and antidepressant [159], antibacterial [169], hypoglycemic and antioxidant [170]	No

Mimosa pudica L./Dormideira	Infusion/Complete plant	Sedative [99]	Reduction of fertility [171], hepatotoxic [172], lipid-lowering [173], anxiolytic and antipyretic [137], antiophidic [174]	No

Iridaceae

Calydorea sp./Jabotitana	Decoction/Rhizome	Analgesic [23]	Not found	Not found

Labiatae

Agastache mexicana Kunth/Toronjil	Not found	Sedative [102]	Antihypertensive [175], vasorelaxant [176], anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive [177], antinociceptive [178], anxiolytic [179]	No

Lavandula latifolia/Lavanda	Oil	Stimulant [68]	Anxiolytic [180], antifungal [181], antioxidant [182]	Yes

Origanum vulgare/oregano	Infusion/Leaf	Sedative [68]	Antimicrobial [183] proapoptotic effect and cytotoxic [184], antiurolithic [185]	Yes

Lamiaceae

Coleus barbatus Benth./Falso-boldo	Tisane mate/Leaf	Headache, calmative [56]	Hepatoprotective [186]	Yes

Cunila microcephala Benth./Hortelã-miúdo, hortelã-pimenta, poejo	Decoction/Complete plant	Analgesic [23, 58]	Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant [187]	No

Hyptis suaveolens Poit./Samba-coité	Tea/Leaf	Headache [188]	Hypoglycemic and antioxidant [189], hepatoprotective and antioxidant [190], gastroprotective activity [191], neuroprotective and antioxidant [192], antifungal [193]	Yes

Lavandula officinalis Chaix & Kitt/Alfazema	Tea/Leaf, stalk	Calmative [49]	Antimicrobial [194], antioxidant [195], sedative and hypnotic [196]	No

Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) R. Br./Cordão de São Francisco	Infusion, decoction/Leaf, branches	Sedative, headache [132, 138]	Antimicrobial [197], anti-inflammatory [198]	Yes

Melissa officinalisL./Erva-cidreira, melissa	Decoction/Leaf	Calmative, migraine, sedative [23, 36, 55, 58, 59, 87, 89, 90, 101, 102, 138, 199]	Anti-inflammatory [200], calmative [201], antioxidant [202], antigenotoxic and antimutagenic [203], neuroprotective [199, 204]	No

Mentha arvensis L./Hortelã-mentol	Tea/Leaf	Headache [188]	Antibacterial [205], antifungal [206], anti-inflammatory and sedative [207], peptic antiulcer [208]	Yes

Mentha cf. suaveolens Ehrh./Hortelã, hortelã-grande	Decoction, maceration/Leaf	Calmative, Analgesic [23, 199]	Antifungal [209, 210], antioxidant [211], antibacterial [212]	Yes

Mentha piperita L./Hortelã, hortelã-roxo	Decoction/Complete plant	Analgesic [23, 102]	Antifungal [213, 214], antioxidant [211], anthelmintic [215], hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic [216], anticancer [217] analgesic [218]	No

Mentha pulegium L./Poejo	Decoction/Stalk	Calmative, sedative [47, 56, 58, 78]	Antioxidant [211], antimicrobial [219]	Yes

Mentha sp./Hortelã	Decoction/Stalk	Headache, Calmative [36, 47, 49, 55–57]	Anthelmintic [215]	Yes

Mentha spicata L./		Headache [87]	Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic [216], antioxidant [220], antiemetic [221]	Yes

Mentha × villosa Huds./Hortelã	Tea/Leaf	Headache [188]	Antifungal and antibacterial [222], antimicrobial and antioxidant [223], analgesic and antispasmodic [153]	No

Ocimum basilicum L./Alfavaca	Decoction, maceration/Leaf	Calmative, analgesic [23, 39]	Antidepressant and anticonvulsant [224]	Yes

Ocimum gratissimum L./l Louro	Tea/Leaf	Headache, calmative [49, 87, 188]	Anticonvulsant [225, 226], antifungal [227]	Yes

Ocimum minimum L./Manjericão	Maceration/Leaf	Headache [94]	Antiulcerogenic and antioxidant [35]	Yes

Ocimum selloi Benth./Alfavaca	Infusion, tea/Leaf	Calmative [138]	Antibacterial [219], analgesic and antidiarrheal [220]	Yes

Origanum majoranaL./Manjerona	Decoction/Stalk	Calmative [56]	Antibacterial [228], antioxidant [49], antimetastatic and antitumor [229], antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic [230]	Yes

Plectranthus barbatus Andr./Boldo	Decoction, maceration/Leaf	Analgesic [23, 57, 60]	Cytotoxic [231], acetylcholinesterase inhibitor [232], antimicrobial [233]	Yes

Plectranthus neochilus Schlechter/Boldo do Chile	Infusion/Leaf	Headache [89]	Analgesic [234]	No

Rosmarinus officinalis L./Alecrim	Decoction/Leaf	Analgesic, calmative [23, 39, 48, 58, 59, 102, 138, 235]	Antibacterial [236], antioxidant [237], antifungal [238], anticancer [239], antidepressant [240], analgesic [241], antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, metal chelation [242], prevention and treatment of dementia [243], neuroprotective [244]	No

Salvia lachnostachys Benth./Melissa	Decoction/Leaf	Somniferous [23, 78]	Anti-inflammatory and analgesic [244]	Yes

Salvia lavandulifolia Vahl./Mariselva	Oil/	Nervous disorders [245]	Hypoglycemic [245], neuroprotective [246]	No

Salvia officinalis L./Salvia, barcelona	Decoction/Leaf	Calmative, Analgesic [23]	Antibacterial [228], anti-inflammatory [247], antidiarrheal and antispasmodic [185], analgesic and anti-inflammatory [248]	No

Lauraceae

Cinnamomum zeylanicum Breyn./Canela	Infusion, maceration/Stalk	Calmative [39]	Antifungal [249] antimicrobial [250], antioxidant [251], antidiabetic [252]	Yes

Nectandra megapotamica (Spreng.) Mez/Canela-preta	Infusion/leaf	Calmative [253]	Anesthetic [254]	Yes

Leguminosae

Acosmium subelegans (Mohlenbr) Yakovl/Perobinha do campo		Sedative, epilepsy and nervous exhaustion [255]	Depressant effect SNC and anticonvulsant [255]	No

Hymenaea courbaril L./Jatobá	Infusion, maceration/Bark, fruit	Sedative [132]	Not found.	Not found

Tamarindus indica/Tamarindo	Compress, bathe, infusion/Stalk, leaves, fruit	Treatment of fever, stomach upset, diarrhea, jaundice and as skin cleansers [256], inflammation, urinary tract infection and laxative [257], headache and stress [258]	Antibacterial [256], antihelminthic [257], antioxidant [259], antinociceptive [260], analgesic and anti-inflammatory [261], antihistaminic and antianaphylactic [262], antiulcer [263]	No

Liliaceae

Allium sativum L./Alho		Headache [59]	Hypotensive [264], synergism with antibiotics [265], antioxidant [266]	Yes

Malpighiaceae

Banisteriopsis caapi/Mariri, ayahuasca	Decoction, infusion/vine	Hallucinogen, emotional and cognitive sensory changes, psychoactive [267–269] aid in treatment of abuse of other Psychoactives [270]	Hallucinogen [271] inhibiting the reuptake of serotonin, in addition to inhibiting MAO [272]	No

Galphimia glauca/Amarilla	Maceration/Part air plants	Calmative [273]	Anxiolytic [273]	No

Meliaceae

Cedrela fissilis/Cedro-rosa	Infusion/Bark	Headache [121]	Not found	Not found

Moraceae

Cannabis sativa/maconha, marijuana, cânhamo	Oil, inhalation/Leaves, stalk, flowers	Treatment of pain, nausea and vomiting, multiple sclerosis and other neurological disorders, loss of appetite and eating disorders, Insomnia, anxiety and depression, neuroprotective action [274], antiemetic, appetite stimulant [275], clinical and experimental studies in the treatment of dementias [276], schizophrenia, antipsychotic, anxiety [277], antipsychotic [278]	Treatment of pain, nausea and vomiting, multiple sclerosis and other neurological disorders, loss of appetite and eating disorders, Insomnia, anxiety and depression, neuroprotective action [273], antiemetic, appetite stimulant [274], clinical and experimental studies in the treatment of dementias [275], schizophrenia, antipsychotic, anxiety [276], antipsychotic [277], psychoactive [278]	No

Dorstenia brasiliensis Lam./Carapiá	Cataplasm/Rhizome	Anesthetic [67]	Anti-inflammatory [278]	Yes

Myrtaceae

Eucalyptus globulus Labill./Eucalipto	Infusion, Bathe/Leaf	Headache [48]	Toxic effect [279], antibacterial [280, 281]	Yes

Eugenia uniflora L./Pitangueira	Decoction/Leaf	Calmative [23, 282]	Antimicrobial and antioxidant [283], anti-Trypanosoma cruzi [206]	Yes

Orchidaceae

Vanilla planifolia Jack. ex Andrews/Baunilha		Calmative [67]	Not found	Not found

Oxalidaceae

Averrhoa Carambola L./Carambola	Infusion/Leaf	Analgesic [99]	Analgesic [284]	No

Papaveraceae

Papaver somniferum/Planta do ópio		Analgesic and sedative [68]	Not found	Not found

Passifloraceae

Passiflora alata Curtis/Maracujá	Fruit	Calmative [55, 59, 77, 90]	Sedative [285]	No

Passiflora caerulea L./Maracujá	Infusion/Part air plant	Sedative and calmative [91, 286]	Anxiolytic [287]	No

Passiflora edulis Sims./Maracujá	Tea/Leaf	Calmative and insomnia [39, 48, 74, 77, 78, 90, 99, 257]	Anxiolytic [288]	No

Passiflora miersii Mart./Maracujazinho	Infusion/Leaf	Calmative and antidepressant [67]	Not found	Not found

Pedaliaceae

Sesamum orientale L./Gergelim	Seed/Juice	Anticonvulsant [99]	Hypoglycemic [289]	Yes

Phytolaccaceae

Petiveria alliacea L./Guiné, tira capeta	Decoction/Complete plant	Analgesic [23, 74, 99, 290]	Antimicrobial [291], antinociceptive, sedative, anticonvulsant and depressant [292]	Yes

Piperaceae

Pothomorphe umbellata Miq./Pariparoba	Infusion/Leaf	Headache [121]	Antioxidant [293], antitumor [294], antihelminthic [295]	Yes

Poaceae

Cymbopogon citratusStapf./Capim santo, capim limão	Decoction/Leaf	Calmative, analgesic and sedative [7, 23, 27, 36, 39, 47–49, 55–58, 74, 77, 78, 88–90, 99, 101, 102, 138, 296]	Anxiolytic, sedative and anticonvulsant [297]	No

Polygalaceae

Polygala paniculata L./Arnica	Decoction/Complete plant	Analgesic [23]	Analgesic and antidermatogenic [298], antinociceptive and gastric cytoprotective activity [299]	No

Polygonaceae

Homalocladium platycladum Bailey/Carquejinha	Decoction/Stalk	Analgesic [23]	Antibacterial [300], analgesic, anti-inflammatory [301]	No

Rosaceae

Rosa centifolia L./Rosa branca	Decoction/Leaf, flower	Analgesic [23]	Anti-inflammatory and antiarthritic [302], antioxidant [303], antiulcer and cytoprotective [304]	No

Sanguisorba minor Scop./Pimpinela	Tea/Leaf, flower	Calmative [102]	Inhibitory action of acetylcholinesterase [305]	Yes

Rubiaceae

Coffea arabica L./Café	Cataplasm/Leaf	Headache [101]	Antioxidant [306], antioxidant and stimulant [307]	Yes

Cinchona officinalis L./	Decoction/Bark	Analgesic [23]	Not found	Not found

Psychotria viridis/chacrona, ayahuasca	Infusion/Leaves	Hallucinogen, emotional and cognitive sensory changes, psychoactive [267–269] aid in treatment of abuse of other Psychoactives [268]	Hallucinogen [308]

Alibertia sp./Marmelo	Decoction, infusion/Root, fruit	Calmative [118]	Not found	Not found

Rutaceae (5)

Casimiroa edulis Llave & Lex./Zapote blanco		Sedative [102]	Vasodilator [309, 310], anticoagulants and antimicrobial [310], anxiolytic [311], anxiolytic and antidepressant [312]	No

Citrus aurantium L./Laranja	Decoction/Bark	Headache and calmative [36, 48, 56, 59, 78, 90, 194]	Low toxicity [313], anxiolytic [314, 315]	Yes

Citrus limon (L.) Burm. f./Limão-galego,		Calmative and sedative [90, 194]	Neuroprotective activity and anticonvulsant [316]	Yes

Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck	Infusion/Leaf	Calmative, analgesic and sedative [23, 27, 49, 74, 99, 138]	Antioxidant, antithyroid and antihyperglycemic [317]	Yes

Ruta graveolens L./Arruda	Decoction, maceration/Leaf	Calmative and headache [23, 39, 48, 57, 60, 102]	Antimicrobial [318], antioxidant [319], antitumor [320], antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic [321]	Yes

Solanaceae

Atropa belladonna L./Beladona	Decoction/Leaf	Calmative [23]	Healing [322]	Yes

Cestrum sendtnerianum Mart./Guiné-do-campo	Infusion, Decoction/Leaf	Sedative [67]	Not found	Not found

Solanum americanum Mill./Maria-pretinha	Decoction/Leaf, Stalk	Sedative, Analgesic [45, 67]	Antifungal [323], antioxidant and anticancer [324]	Yes

Solanum cernuum Vell/Pata de mono		Calmative [87]	Antiulcerogenic [325]	Yes

Umbelliferae

Anethum graveolens/Eneldo		Sedative [68]	Antifungal [326], anticonvulsant [327], anti Helicabator pylori [328], decreased fertility rate [329], participates in the regulation of Diabetes Mellitus [330]	Yes

Coriandrum sativum/Cilantro	Infusion/Leaf, fruit	Stimulant [68]	Antioxidant [40], sedative and muscle relaxant [43], antibacterial [331], antiarthritic [332], anti-inflamatory [41], antifungal [333], hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic [334]	Yes

Petroselinum hortense/Salsa da horta		Sedative [107]	Diuretic and hypotensive [335]	Yes

Urticaceae

Urera baccifera (L.)/Urtiga	Leaf	Analgesic [36]	Antioxidant [336], anti-inflamatory [337]	No

Verbenaceae (6)

Aloysia citrodora Palau/Erva luíza		Calmative [74, 286]	Not found.	Not found

Aloysia triphylla Royle/Cidrão	/Leaf	Sedative [55, 235]	Treatment of intestinal disorders [338], anti Trypanosoma Cruzi [339], anti-Helicobacter pylori [328], antibacterial [340], spasmolytic and anti-inflammatory [341], antinociceptive [244]	Yes

Lantana camara L./Camará	Infusion, Decoction/Leaf	Headache [132]	Antibacterial [342], antioxidant [343], anxiolytic [344]	Yes

Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E. Br./Erva-cidreira	Leaf/Infusion	Headache and calmative [39, 49, 55, 58–61, 75, 77, 94, 97]	Antimicrobial [345], antispasmodic [346], anxiolytic [347], anesthetic [348]	No

Lippia gracillis Schauer/Alecrim da serra	Infusion/Leaf	Headache [132]	Antimicrobial [349], antitumor [350], anti-inflammatory and healing [351]	Yes

Verbena cf. minutifolia Phil./	Decoction/Complete plant	Analgesic [23]	Not found	Not found

Violaceae

Viola odorata L./		Sedative [87]	Antitumoral [352], antioxidant and antibacterial [353], antimicrobial [354], vasodilator and antidyslipidemic [355]	Yes

Zingiberaceae

Alpinia zerumbet (Pers.) Burtt & Smith/Colônia	Decoction/Leaf	Calmative [39, 48, 49, 101]	Hypotensive [356], vasodilator [357], antioxidant [358]	Yes

Zingiber officinale Rosc./Gengibre	Decoction/root	Analgesic and headache [23, 57, 78]	Antioxidant [359], antihyperglycemic [360], antibacterial [361], androgenic [362]	Yes

Costus brasiliensis Schum./Cana-de-macaco	Not found	Calmative [67]	Not found	Not found

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