New Evidence for Artemisia absinthium L. Application in Gastrointestinal Ailments: Ethnopharmacology, Antimicrobial Capacity, Cytotoxicity, and Phenolic Profile

Table 3

Compounds identified in Artemisia absinthium.

No.	tR, min	Compound name	Molecular formula, [M–H]^–	Calculated mass, [M–H]^–	Exact mass, [M–H]^–	Δ ppm	MS^2 fragments, (% Base peak)	MS^3 fragments, (% base peak)	MS^4 fragments, (% base peak)	References
1	3.75	Dihydroxybenzoic acid hexoside	C13H15O9^–	315.07216	315.07153	2.00	153 (100), 152 (50), 109 (15), 108 (10)	109 (100)	—	Melguizo-melguizo et al., [32]
2	4.38	Syringic acid hexoside	C15H19O10^–	359.09837	359.09778	1.64	197 (100), 182 (10)	182 (100), 153 (20)	—	Klick and Herrmann, [28]
3	5.23	5-O-Caffeoylquinic acid (chlorogenic acid)^a	C16H17O9^–	353.08781	353.08752	0.82	191 (100), 179 (5)	173 (75), 127 (100), 111 (40), 93 (60), 85 (90)	109 (40), 99 (50), 85 (100)	Han et al., [33]
4	5.77	Esculin^a	C15H15O9^–	339.07216	339.07156	1.77	179 (100), 161 (30), 135 (20)	135 (100)	—	Han et al., [33]
5	6.17	Feruloylquinic acid	C17H19O9^–	367.10346	367.10281	1.77	203 (15), 193 (10), 191 (100), 173 (5)	173 (25), 127 (100), 111 (40), 93 (40), 85 (80)	—	Han et al., [33]
6	6.44	Quercetin 3-O-(6″-rhamnosyl)glucoside (Rutin)^a	C27H29O16^–	609.14611	609.14545	1.08	343 (5), 301 (100), 300 (30), 271 (10), 255 (5)	273 (25), 257 (20), 179 (100), 151 (75)	151 (100)	Han et al., [33]
7	6.83	Kaempferol 7-O-(6″-rhamnosyl)hexoside	C27H29O15^–	593.15119	593.15015	1.75	327 (10), 286 (20), 285 (100), 257 (5)	267 (40), 257 (100), 241 (30), 229 (40), 213 (30)	255 (10), 239 (30), 229 (100), 163 (40)	Hoffmann and Harrmann, [27]
8	6.92	Isorhamnetin 3-O-(6″-rhamnosyl)glucoside (Narcissin)^a	C28H31O16^–	623.16176	623.16077	1.59	316 (15), 315 (100), 300 (30), 271 (20), 255 (10)	301 (5), 300 (100), 287(5), 272(5), 255(5)	272 (100), 271(90), 255 (50), 243 (10), 166 (5)	Hoffmann and Harrmann, [27]
9	7.00	Apigenin 8-C-[6“-(3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl)]hexoside	C27H27O14^–	575.14063	575.14032	0.54	557 (10), 513 (15), 431 (100), 341 (80), 311 (70)	341 (10), 311 (100)	283 (100)	—
10	7.00	Spinacetin 3-O-(6″-rhamnosyl)hexoside	C29H33O17^–	653.17232	653.17206	0.40	346 (20), 345 (100), 330 (40), 302 (15), 287 (20)	330 (100), 305 (5)	315 (10), 302 (100), 287 (30), 273 (5), 166 (5)	Hoffmann and Harrmann, [27]
11	7.11	Dicaffeoylquinic acid isomer 1	C25H23O12^–	515.11950	515.11975	-0.49	353 (100)	191 (100), 179 (40), 173 (5), 135 (10)	173 (95), 171 (50), 127 (90), 111 (30), 85 (100)	Han et al., [33]
12	7.20	Isorhamnetin 3-O-glucoside^a	C22H21O12^–	477.10385	477.10339	0.96	357 (15), 315 (100), 314 (90), 299 (20), 285 (15)	300(100), 286(5), 272(10)	283 (5), 272 (100), 271 (60), 255 (40), 243 (10)	Hoffmann and Harrmann, [27]
13	7.25	Dicaffeoylquinic acid isomer 2	C25H23O12^–	515.11950	515.11932	0.35	353 (100), 335 (5), 299 (10), 255 (5), 203 (10)	191 (100), 179 (65), 173 (60), 135 (20)	173 (80), 171 (20), 127 (80), 111 (20), 85 (100)	Han et al., [33]
14	7.28	Spinacetin 3-O-hexoside	C23H23O13^–	507.11441	507.11395	0.91	492 (60), 345 (100), 344 (80), 330 (20), 329 (60)	330 (100), 302 (5), 286 (10)	—	Hoffmann and Harrmann, [27]
15	7.43	Chrysoeriol 7-O-hexoside	C22H21O11^−	461.10894	461.10904	−0.22	446 (10), 300 (10), 299 (100), 284 (10)	284 (100)	256 (100)	Benyahia et al., [31]
16	7.50	Rosmarinic acid^a	C18H15O8^–	359.07724	359.07672	1.45	223 (10), 197 (30), 179 (40), 161 (100), 133 (10)	133 (100)	105 (100)	Sahin et al., [30]
17	9.52	Apigenin^a	C15H9O5^−	269.04554	269.04529	0.93	269 (60), 225 (100), 201 (30), 151 (70), 149 (50)	210 (10), 197 (50), 196 (20), 183 (40), 181 (100)	—	Olennikov et al., [34]
18	9.73	Chrysoeriol^a	C16H11O6^–	299.05611	299.05576	1.17	285 (10), 284 (100)	284 (20), 256 (100)	256 (40), 228 (100), 160 (40)	Olennikov et al., [34]
19	11.43	Eupatorin	C18H15O7^–	343.08233	343.08160	2.13	329 (10), 328 (100)	314 (10), 313 (100), 285 (5)	298 (100), 285 (10), 270 (15)	Rashid et al., [61]
20	11.67	Casticin	C19H17O8^–	373.09289	373.09250	1.05	359 (10), 358 (100)	343 (100)	328 (100), 315 (15), 300 (30), 299 (20), 284 (10)	Han et al., [33]
21	11.75	Kaempferide^a	C16H11O6^–	299.05611	299.05573	1.27	285 (10), 284 (100)	255 (20), 240 (15), 228 (20), 164 (25), 151 (100)	106 (100), 83 (10), 65 (5)	Lai et al., [29]

^aConfirmed using available standards, all the other compounds were identified based on HRMS data. Bold numbers are peaks which were further fragmented in MS³ and MS⁴ experiment.