Fostering Achievement of Low-, Average-, and High-Achievers Students in Biology through Structured Cooperative Learning (STAD Method)

Table 2

Independent sample t-test for pre- and posttest of low-achiever students.

Tests	Variables	Group	N	Mean	Std. deviation	Std. error (mean)	t	df	Sig. (2-tailed)
Pretest	Knowledge	Experimental	9	6.78	1.302	0.434	−0.383	16	0.707
		Control	9	7.11	2.261	0.754
	Understanding	Experimental	9	5.22	1.641	0.547	−0.217	16	0.831
		Control	9	5.44	2.603	0.868
	Applying	Experimental	9	1.89	0.928	0.309	0.248	16	0.807
		Control	9	1.78	0.972	0.324
	Total score	Experimental	9	13.89	3.100	1.033	−0.211	16	0.835
		Control	9	14.33	5.500	1.833
Posttest	Knowledge	Experimental	9	22.56	3.941	1.314	2.256	16	0.038
		Control	9	17.67	5.172	1.724
	Understanding	Experimental	9	16.67	3.640	1.213	1.748	16	0.100
		Control	9	13.22	4.658	1.553
	Applying	Experimental	9	11.78	3.456	1.152	2.051	16	0.057
		Control	9	8.56	3.206	1.069
	Total score	Experimental	9	51.00	8.888	2.963	2.239	16	0.040
		Control	9	39.44	12.680	4.227