Fostering Achievement of Low-, Average-, and High-Achievers Students in Biology through Structured Cooperative Learning (STAD Method)

Table 8

Independent sample t-test for pre- and posttest of high-achiever students.

Tests	Variables	Group	N	Mean	Std. deviation	Std. error (mean)	t	df	Sig. (2-tailed)
Pretest	Knowledge	Experimental	7	12.29	1.380	0.522	0.903	11	0.386
		Control	6	11.50	1.761	0.719
	Understanding	Experimental	7	9.29	1.380	0.522	0.051	11	0.961
		Control	6	9.33	1.966	0.803
	Applying	Experimental	7	4.71	1.380	0.522	1.084	11	0.302
		Control	6	4.00	0.894	0.365
	Total score	Experimental	7	26.29	2.752	1.040	0.840	11	0.419
		Control	6	24.83	3.488	1.424
Posttest	Knowledge	Experimental	7	33.00	3.416	1.291	2.566	11	0.026
		Control	6	28.67	2.503	1.022
	Understanding	Experimental	7	24.86	1.345	0.508	3.518	11	0.005
		Control	6	21.50	2.074	0.847
	Applying	Experimental	7	19.57	1.272	0.481	3.112	11	0.010
		Control	6	16.17	2.563	1.046
	Total score	Experimental	7	77.43	4.158	1.571	4.078	11	0.002
		Control	6	66.33	5.645	2.305