Causal Attributions as Correlates of Secondary School Students’ Academic Achievement

Table 1

Description of dimensions of causal attributions.

Attributions		Range	Min.	Max.	Mean	SD	Skewness
Locus	ILCAS	38	22	60	45.14	5.82	−0.560
	ELCAS	24	6	30	15.12	4.84	0.465
	ILCAF	42	16	58	37.78	5.93	−0.095
	ELCAF	24	6	30	22.26	5.05	−0.505
Controllability	CAS	21	9	30	20.09	3.72	−0.199
	UNCAS	37	16	53	35.21	5.98	0.297
	CAF	22	6	28	15.31	4.27	0.356
	UNCAF	38	14	52	37.57	5.92	−0.518
Stability	SAS	27	13	40	27.10	4.54	0.010
	UNSAS	36	9	45	33.16	4.69	−0.737
	SAF	31	9	40	25.43	4.86	−0.192
	UNSAF	28	17	45	34.62	5.39	−0.454

Note. N = 585; Min = minimum; Max = maximum; SD = standard deviation; ILCAS = internal locus of causality attributions for success; ILCAF = internal locus of causality attributions for failure; ELCAS = external locus of causality attributions for success; ELCAS = external locus of causality attributions for failure; CAS = controllable attributions for success; CAF = controllable attributions for failure; UCAS = uncontrollable attributions for success; UCAF = uncontrollable attributions for failure; SAS = stable attributions for success; SAF = stable attributions for failure; USAS = unstable attributions for success; USAF = unstable attributions for failure.