Review Article

Transforming African Education Systems in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) Using ICTs: Challenges and Opportunities

Table 1

A summary of ICT in education platforms, projects, and implementations in southern African countries.

CountryICT initiativeObjective/functionality

BotswanaKitsong Centres, Thuto Net, Botswana Innovation Hub, Connecting Communities Programme, and Pan African e-Network ProjectTo link all secondary schools to the Internet. As such, all secondary schools in Botswana have computer laboratories comprising about 15–20 computers
BurundiBurundi Education and Research Network (BENET)
EthiopiaEthERNet (Ethiopian Education and Research Network), SchoolNet, ICT Business Incubation Centre, Entrepreneurship, and e-EducationSchoolNet provides Internet connectivity as well as TV-broadcast educational content to secondary schools across Ethiopia. As such, it provides students in rural schools with access to equal learning opportunities to those in urban schools. EthERNet was launched to build and deliver highly interconnected and high-performance networks for universities and other educational and research institutions while EthioICT-Village is to establish Ethiopia as the premier IT hub of Africa [46]
NamibiaeEducation (TECH/NA! ICT in Education Initiative, XNet, eLearning Centre (eLC), and ICT Centre of Excellence)To equip, educate, and empower administrators, staff, teachers, and learners in ICT literacy and ICT integration skills to help bridge the digital divide with communities and meet the goals of Vision 2030 to fulfil Namibia’s ambition
MalawiMAREN, Education and eLearning (Computers for African Schools Malawi, Pan African eNetwork, Digital Repositories, Malawi Library and Information Consortium, National Digital Repository)To provide ICT training to teachers, provide computers and printers to schools, and develop the ICT curriculum for schools [52]
MozambiqueMobile ICT Unit, Provincial Digital Resource Centres (CPRDs)To provide training courses in districts isolated from ICT facilities to address the problem of ICT skilled human resources across the country. CPRDs concentrate ICT infrastructure, skills, and investment by providing a single-entry point for ICT deployment and activity in the provinces
MauritiusUniversal ICT Education and Digital Youth Engagement Programme, Public Internet Access Points (PIAPs), and Learning CornersTraining the internationally acknowledged internet and computing core certification (IC3) course to students, employees, nonemployees, and the population at large with a view of making it the benchmark for digital literacy/proficiency in Mauritius

MAREN = Malawi Research and Education Network.