Changes in and Effects of Anxiety on English Test Performance in Chinese Postgraduate EFL Classrooms

Table 6

Means and SDs of ELCAS and AAS scales in two phases (N = 324).

	Phase 1			Phase 2			Paired samples t-test results (df = 323)
	Mean	SD	Range	Mean	SD	Range	t	p	Cohen’s d
ELCAS1	3.21	0.77	1–5	2.92	0.54	1.69–4.69	7.96	0.00	0.44
ELCAS2	3.01	0.69	1–4.64	2.6	0.44	1.45–5	10.26	0.00	0.71
ELCAS3	2.87	0.73	1–5	2.65	0.63	1.12–4.50	6.35	0.00	0.32
ELCAS4	3.51	1.05	1–5	3.38	1.03	1–5	2.66	0.01	0.12
ELCAS5	2.89	0.81	1–5	3.02	0.65	1–5	−2.34	0.02	0.18
ELCAS	3.07	0.68	1–4.89	2.78	0.46	1.72–4.78	9.11	0.00	0.5
DAS	2.84	0.74	1–5	2.9	0.75	1–5	-1.73	0.08	—
FAS	3.01	0.58	1.44–5	2.99	0.57	1–4.44	0.66	0.51	—

Notes. . Effect size of Cohen’s d: small = d ≤ 0.2; medium = d = 0.5; large = d ≥ 0.8 [49].