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| Item/label | Parents M (SD) N = 1009–1121 | Teachers M (SD) N = 102–118 |
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| (1) Clarity and readability of digital communication |
| 1. I would like my child’s conflicts to be communicated other than through DC/It is better to inform parents about pupils’ conflicts in ways other than through DC | 2.79 (0.96) | 2.98 (0.73) |
| 2. School sends overlapping digital messages/School sends overlapping digital messages | 2.01 (0.95) | 2.20 (0.82) |
| 3. Digital communication involves misunderstandings with teacher/with parents | 1.74 (0.82) | 2.05 (0.80) |
| 4. I read all the messages that teacher sends | 3.79 (0.53) | |
| 5. We discuss the contents of the digital messages with both parents | 3.46 (0.78) | |
| 6. Teachers throughout the school have a one-way approach to informing parents about child- related issues | 2.34 (0.98) | |
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| (2) Informativity, frequency, and effectivity |
| 7. I get various kinds of information about my child’s studies/I can give various kinds of information via digital communication about my pupils’ studies | 3.10 (0.83) | 3.13 (0.72) |
| 8. I get enough information about happenings in the classroom/I can give sufficient information about happenings in the classroom | 3.11 (0.83) | 3.13 (0.72) |
| 9. I get information about my child’s strengths/I can give sufficient information to parents about the pupils’ strengths | 2.44 (0.98) | 2.89 (0.86) |
| 10. I get information about my child’s successes/I can give sufficient information about my pupils’ successes | 2.72 (0.93) | 3.10 (0.78) |
| 11. It is important to know about my child’s conflicts via digital communication/It is important to inform parents about pupils’ conflicts via digital communication | 3.40 (0.78) | 2.78 (0.92) |
| 12. It is important to know about my child’s memory lapses and delays/It is important to inform parents about pupils’ memory lapses and delays | 3.51 (0.71) | 3.36 (0.68) |
| 13. I get enough information about all school matters | 3.37 (0.71) | |
| 14. I get too few messages about my child’s schooling | 2.28 (0.95) | |
| 15. I get responses from parents to my messages concerning pupils | | 2.97 (0.63) |
| 16. I get enough information from parents about matters affecting the pupils’ schooling | | 2.64 (0.75) |
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| (3) Quality |
| 17. Digital communication supports educational partnership | 3.16 (0.83) | 3.12 (0.72) |
| 18. Digital communication supports co-operation | 3.61 (0.60) | 3.59 (0.56) |
| 19. Digital communication supports trust between parents and teacher | 3.23 (0.77) | 3.05 (0.60) |
| 20. Digital communication supports the feeling that I’m heard when speaking about my child’s studies/… when I’m informing parents | 3.07 (0.72) | 3.06 (70) |
| 21. I can support teachers’ educational work with my digital communication/parents’ educational work with my digital communication | 3.00 (0.82) | 3.14 (0.67) |
| 22. Teachers’ digital communication is encouraging to my child/My digital communication is encouraging to pupils | 2.77 (0.98) | 3.13 (0.69) |
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