Meta-Analysis on Investigating and Comparing the Effects on Learning Achievement and Motivation for Gamification and Game-Based Learning

Table 1

Descriptions of the studies involved in this meta-analysis.

No	Authors and publication years	Game-related pedagogical models	Game-related pedagogies	Research domains
1	[27]	Leverage learning with gamification	Gamification	Learning achievement
2	[48]	Machine learning inspired approach	Gamification	Learning achievement
3	[49]	Integration of board games and augmented reality (AR)	Gamification	Intrinsic motivation; Extrinsic motivation
4	[13]	Serious educational games (SEG)	Gamification	Learning achievement
5	[30]	Virtual reality (VR): a virtual ecological environment	Game-based learning	Learning achievement
6	[32]	Open and flexible blended learning environments	Game-based learning	Learning achievement
7	[28]	Multigenre digital game-based instruction (MGI)	Game-based learning	Learning achievement
8	[29]	Physical games stimulating acquisition	Game-based learning	Learning achievement
9	[50]	Multiteam participatory simulated game (MPSG)	Game-based learning	Learning achievement; Intrinsic motivation; Extrinsic motivation
10	[12]	Gamification as a complement to flipped learning	Gamification	Learning achievement; Intrinsic motivation; Extrinsic motivation
11	[9]	Student-generated questioning (SGQ) with game-based flipped learning	Gamification	Learning achievement; Intrinsic motivation
12	[8]	Problem-based mathematics teaching	Gamification	Learning achievement
13	[6]	Digital game-based learning (DGBL) based on inquiry, communication, mystery, decision making, challenge, and rewards (ICMDCR)	Game-based learning	Learning achievement; Extrinsic motivation
14	[51]	Digital game-based information and communication technologies	Game-based learning	Intrinsic motivation; Extrinsic motivation
15	[31]	Teaching personal and responsibility (TPSR) and sport education model (SEM)	Game-based learning	Learning achievement; Extrinsic motivation
16	[10]	Game-based flipped learning	Game-based learning	Intrinsic motivation
17	[10]	Gamified flipped classroom approach	Gamification	Intrinsic motivation; Extrinsic motivation
18	[15]	Game-based learning based on activity theory (AT) and MAKE (motivation, attitude, knowledge, and engagement) framework.; Gamification based on activity theory (AT) and MAKE framework	Game-based learning; Gamification	Intrinsic motivation; Extrinsic motivation; Intrinsic motivation; Extrinsic motivation
19	[52]	Gamification supported flipped classroom	Gamification	Extrinsic motivation
20	[7]	Teaching games for understanding (TGfU)	Game-based learning	Learning achievement; Intrinsic motivation
21	[53]	Problem-based and game-based learning	Game-based learning	Learning achievement; Extrinsic motivation
22	[5]	3D cardiac catheterization game-based learning system (3D-CCGBLS)	Game-based learning	Learning achievement; Extrinsic motivation
23	[55]	Team-based competitive environment	Game-based learning	Learning achievement
24	[5]	Digital game-based learning (DGBL) based on self-efficacy, motivation, anxiety, and achievements	Game-based learning	Learning achievement; Extrinsic motivation
25	[56]	Pedagogically driven serious game	Game-based learning	Learning achievement
26	[57]	Peer assessment-based game development approach	Game-based learning	Learning achievement; Extrinsic motivation
27	[58]	Context-aware ubiquitous learning environment called the handheld English language learning organization (HELLO)	Game-based learning	Learning achievement; Intrinsic motivation