A Systematic Review on Pedagogical Trends and Assessment Practices during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Teachers’ and Students’ Perspectives

Table 15

Percentage of each challenge of assessment in online learning and their groups based on 50th quartile.

Challenges	Observation (in number)	% (of N = 45)		% (of n = 15)		Group
Lack of preparedness	3	0.067	7	0.200	20	Higher
Lack of students’ interest	3	0.067	7	0.200	20
Challenging online assessment	2	0.044	4	0.133	13
Facilitating cheat	2	0.044	4	0.133	13
Importing marking system	2	0.044	4	0.133	13
Lack of student’s mental preparedness	2	0.044	4	0.133	13
Dissatisfactory examination system	2	0.044	4	0.133	13
Limited time	2	0.044	4	0.133	13
External distraction	1	0.022	2	0.067	7	Lower
Family interference	1	0.022	2	0.067	7
Internet issue	1	0.022	2	0.067	7
Item leakage	1	0.022	2	0.067	7
Lack of government’s preparedness	1	0.022	2	0.067	7
Limited resources	1	0.022	2	0.067	7
Test anxiety	1	0.022	2	0.067	7
Lack of preparedness	3	0.067	7	0.200	20
Lack of students’ interest	3	0.067	7	0.200	20
Challenging online assessment	2	0.044	4	0.133	13