Exploring the Relationship between Interactions and Learning Performance in Robot-Assisted Language Learning
Table 1
Excluded criteria.
EC1
The robot did not play a/an (assisted-)teaching role (focusing on the robot programming or having no implications to RALL)
EC7
Articles that highly coincides with the previous one (similar title, abstract, and same author)å
EC2
The language of the article was not English
EC8
People learned the language by programming the robot
EC3
The robot functioned outside a classroom
EC9
The robot was for sign language and special education
EC4
The robot was not physical but virtual (a game in which the character is a robot)
EC10
Chatbots
EC5
No empirical data was included
EC11
Only part of the article was available
EC6
The robot was for first language learning or STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) educations instead of second language learning only
