The Effect of GeoGebra on Students’ Abilities to Study Calculus

Table 9

Descriptive statistics of students’ proficiency by gender before treatment.

Proficiency	Student ability	Genders	Groups	Mean	SD	N
Preconceptual	Low ability	Female	Experimental	6.7	2.9	3
			Control	10.0	4.1	4
			Total	8.6	3.8	7
		Male	Experimental	13.5	4.7	13
			Control	9.7	5.8	15
			Total	11.4	5.6	28
		Total	Experimental	12.2	5.2	16
			Control	9.7	5.4	19
			Total	10.9	5.4	35
	High ability	Female	Experimental	17.5	3.5	2
			Control	20.0	8.7	3
			Total	19.0	6.5	5
		Male	Experimental	21.7	4.4	12
			Control	18.2	6.1	14
			Total	19.8	5.6	26
		Total	Experimental	21.1	4.5	14
			Control	18.5	6.3	17
			Total	19.7	5.6	31
	Total	Female	Experimental	11.0	6.5	5
			Control	14.3	7.9	7
			Total	12.9	7.2	12
		Male	Experimental	17.4	6.1	25
			Control	13.8	7.3	29
			Total	15.5	6.95	54
		Total	Experimental	16.3	6.6	30
			Control	13.9	7.3	36
			Total	15.0	7.0	66
Preprocedural	Low ability	Female	Experimental	5.0	5.0	3
			Control	11.3	4.8	4
			Total	8.6	5.6	7
		Male	Experimental	7.7	4.8	13
			Control	9.3	4.95	15
			Total	8.6	4.9	28
		Total	Experimental	7.2	4.8	16
			Control	9.7	4.9	19
			Total	8.6	4.9	35
	High ability	Female	Experimental	15.0	7.1	2
			Control	18.3	5.8	3
			Total	17.0	5.7	5
		Male	Experimental	14.6	3.96	12
			Control	15.7	5.1	14
			Total	15.2	4.6	26
		Total	Experimental	14.6	4.1	14
			Control	16.2	5.2	17
			Total	15.5	4.7	31
	Total	Female	Experimental	9.0	7.4	5
			Control	14.3	6.1	7
			Total	12.1	6.9	12
		Male	Experimental	11.0	5.6	25
			Control	12.4	5.9	29
			Total	11.8	5.8	54
		Total	Experimental	10.7	5.8	30
			Control	12.778	5.9	36
			Total	11.8	5.9	66

N.B. pre-conc = pretest conceptual on pretest, pre-pro = pretest procedural on pretest.