Contributions of E-Portfolios Assessment to Developing EFL Learners’ Vocabulary, Motivation, and Attitudes

Table 4

Results of independent-samples t-test comparing the pretest motivation and posttest motivation scores.

		Levene’s test for equality of variances		t-test for equality of means
		F	Sig.	t	df	Sig. (2-tailed)	Mean difference	Std. error difference	95% confidence interval of the difference
									Lower	Upper
Pretest motivation	Equal variances assumed	2.03	0.15	1.40	98	0.16	1.72	1.22	−0.70	4.14
	Equal variances not assumed			1.40	95.44	0.16	1.72	1.22	−0.70	4.14
Posttest motivation	Equal variances assumed	0.10	0.74	16.39	98	0.00	26.66	1.62	23.43	29.88
	Equal variances not assumed			16.39	84.64	0.00	26.66	1.62	23.42	29.89