MALL and EFL Learners’ Speaking: Impacts of Duolingo and WhatsApp Applications on Speaking Accuracy and Fluency

Table 3

Descriptive statistics of the speaking fluency posttest.

	N	Mean	Std. deviation	Std. error	95% confidence interval for mean		Minimum	Maximum
					Lower bound	Upper bound
CG	30	15.20	2.41	0.44	14.29	16.10	12.00	19.00
Duolingo	30	16.63	1.73	0.31	15.98	17.28	15.00	20.00
WhatsApp	30	17.56	1.40	0.25	17.04	18.09	15.00	20.00
Total	90	16.46	2.11	0.22	16.02	16.90	12.00	20.00