Psychological Factors Affecting Language-Learning Process in Saudi Arabia: The Effect of Technology-Based Education on High School Students’ Motivation, Anxiety, and Attitude through Flipped Learning

Table 10

Paired samples t-test (anxiety pre and posttests of both groups).

		Paired differences					t	df	Sig. (2-tailed)
		Mean	Std. deviation	Std. error mean	95% confidence interval of the difference
					Lower	Upper
Pair 1	Traditional	−2.31	5.07	0.94	−4.24	−.37	−2.45	28	0.07
Pair 2	Flipped	−27.17	29.05	5.39	−38.22	−16.11	−5.03	28	0.00