Mobile-Assisted Language Learning and Its Effects on Learners’ Speaking Development

Table 3

Investigating the differences between the two groups’ speaking skill scores. Independent samples test

		Levene's test for equality of variances	T-test for equality of means
		F	Sig.	t	df	Sig. (2-tailed)	Mean difference	Std. Error difference	95% confidence interval of the difference
									Lower	Upper
Pretest	Equal variances assumed	0.058	0.811	0.170	85	0.865	0.01667	0.09779	−0.17908	0.21241
	Equal variances not assumed			0.170	57.458	0.865	0.01667	0.09779	−0.17912	0.21245
Post-test	Equal variances assumed	0.007	0.934	−7.541	85	0.000	−0.86111	0.11420	−1.08970	−0.63252
	Equal variances not assumed			−7.541	57.757	0.000	−0.86111	0.11420	−1.08972	−0.63250