Assessment of Anatomy Education Teaching Modalities before and during COVID-19 in US Medical Schools

Table 1

Estimated percent of time students spent engaged in each of the following during lab contact hours prior to 2020–2021 scholastic year (all schools).

Activity	Percent of time (SD)^a
Embalmed cadaveric dissection	60.3 (32.0)
Nonembalmed dissection	3.1 (9.9)
Histology	8.1 (13.6)
Prosections	4.2 (5.8)
Plastinated specimens	1.9 (5.6)
Demonstrations	4.2 (11.7)
Plastic/Physical models	1.1 (2.4)
Computer 3D anatomy	0.7 (2.2)
Virtual tables	2.5 (8.6)
Virtual reality	0.05 (0.2)
Medical imaging—US	2.0 (4.7)
Medical imaging—MRI/CT/X-ray	5.5 (11.1)
Simulation models	0.8 (2.3)
Dissection videos	3.0 (5.3)
Body painting	2.4 (9.6)

^aValues reported as percent of total time (SD), responses normalized to 100.