Education Research International

Research Article

Effect of Undergraduate Business Students’ Entry Characteristics on Academic Success

Table 4

Bootstrapping results and effect size of structural model.


Effect	Path coeff.	Standard bootstrap results
Effect	Path coeff.	SE	t-Value	p Value	R²	Cohen’s f²

Mature⟶T_PERF	−0.1392	0.0841	−1.6544	0.0984	0.3086	0.0098
SSSCE⟶T_PERF	−0.0270	0.0387	−0.6975	0.4856		0.0009
WASSCE⟶T_PERF	0.4359	0.0912	4.7803	0.001		0.0901
O’ Level⟶T_PERF	−0.0027	0.0175	0.1566	0.8756		0.0001
Mature⟶COMP	−0.1777	0.0808	−2.1996	0.0281	0.4280	0.0194
SSSCE⟶COMP	−0.0401	0.0496	−0.8099	0.4182		0.0024
O’ Level⟶COMP	−0.0192	0.0188	−1.0224	0.3069		0.0006
WASSCE⟶COMP	0.4977	0.0910	5.4701	0.001		0.1419
Mature⟶CGPA	0.0159	0.0988	0.1606	0.8724	0.0033	0.0001
SSSCE⟶CGPA	0.0075	0.0347	0.2162	0.8288		0.0000
WASSCE⟶CGPA	0.0709	0.1053	0.6740	0.5005		0.0017
O’ Level⟶CGPA	0.0017	0.0197	0.0861	0.9314		0.0001

Significance is , effect size (f²) (no effect is f² <0.02 = ; small effect is f² = 0.02–0.14; medium effect is f² = 0.15–0.34; large effect is f² >0.34).