Perception and Challenges of Virtual Classes with Gender Digital Divide amidst and Post-COVID-19 Pandemic in Iraq: An Empirical Analysis

Table 6

Principle component analysis for challenges.

Components	Statement retained	% Of variance explained
Students’ distraction and inefficiency	(1) I confronted online distractions such as social media during virtual classes (2) I experience an emotional disconnect or isolation during virtual classes (3) I am unable to manage my thoughts, feelings, and behaviors during virtual classes (4) Lack of experience in using online tools (5) Low motivation for study in online classes (6) Lack of Interaction with teachers in virtual classes	34.41
Technical and infrastructure issues	(1) Lack of ICT infrastructure like computers, smartphones, internet affecting my participation in online classes (2) The paucity of electricity is always a hurdle to absent me in online classes (3) I’m having problems completing my assignments because of technical issues	64.84

Source. Authors’ calculations based on a Google Forms questionnaire.