Effects of Teachers’ Written Corrective Feedback on the Writing Achievement of First-Year Ethiopian University Students

Table 8

Bonferroni pairwise comparison (post hoc analysis) during posttest 2.

Dependent variable: immediate posttest 2 writing achievement score
					95% confidence interval for difference^a
Written corrective feedback (I)	Written corrective feedback (J)	Mean difference (I − J)	Standard error	Sig.^a	Lower bound	Upper bound
Direct WCF with a ME	Indirect WCF		0.762	0.026	0.178	3.875
	Comparison group		0.753	0.000	2.327	5.984
Indirect WCF	Direct WCF with a ME		0.762	0.026	−3.875	−0.178
	Comparison group		0.739	0.014	0.336	3.922
CG	Direct WCF with a ME		0.753	0.000	−5.984	−2.327
	Indirect WCF		0.739	0.014	−3.922	−0.336

Based on estimated marginal means. The mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level. ^aAdjustment for multiple comparisons: Bonferroni. WCF, written corrective feedback; ME, metalinguistic explanation; CG, comparison group.