|
| General measures |
| (i) Maintenance of remission for as long as possible |
| (ii) Regular cardiologic checkup |
| (a) Physical examination |
| (b) Blood pressure measurement |
| (c) Blood tests (hemoleucogram, lipids, electrolytes, biomarkers of cardiac injury, B-type natriuretic peptide, and N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide, acute phase reactants) |
| (d) 12-lead electrocardiogram |
| (e) Transthoracic echocardiography (including 2D speckle tracking for early detection of subclinical changes in cardiac function) |
| (iii) Reduce stress |
| (iv) Cease smoking |
| (v) Lose weight in case of obesity |
| (vi) Reduce hospitalization |
| (vii) Early mobilize the patients |
| (viii) Minimize the use of invasive devices |
| (ix) Reduce the consumption of oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy |
| (x) Minimize the duration of corticosteroid and immunosuppressant administration |
| (xi) Diet with low sodium intake and potassium supplementation while corticosteroid use |
|
| Specific measures |
| Venous thromboembolism [22, 59, 64–66] | (i) Screening for genetic risk factors in patients with recurrent venous thromboembolic events |
| (ii) Prophylactic anticoagulation or mechanical thromboprophylaxis (when anticoagulation is contraindicated) and management of additional risk factors in hospitalized patients |
| (iii) Short-term or long-term anticoagulation should be decided according to each patient |
| Arterial thromboembolism [19, 80–82] | (i) Management of traditional and nontraditional cardiovascular risk factors |
| Infective endocarditis [108, 109] | (i) Prophylactic antibiotherapy in case of preexisting valvulopathy, invasive procedures, or use of central venous catheters |
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