International Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease

Review Article

Gene-Environment Interaction Research and Transgenic Mouse Models of Alzheimer's Disease

Table 2

Effects of stress exposure in transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease.


Mouse model	Exposure	Duration of the experiment	Age at the start	Effects on the brain	Effects on behavior	Reference

Tg2576	Chronic isolation stress	3 months	From weaning	soluble A40 (38%) and A42 (59%) in hippocampus, no change in A40 : A42 ratio, no difference in APP, - or -CTF levels, no changes in IDE, NEP (neprilepsyn) or APOE levels	Not measured	[79]

Tg2576	Chronic isolation stress	5 months	From weaning	A plaques proliferation in DG	contextual memory at 6 months	[77]

Tg2576	Chronic isolation stress	6 months	From weaning	A40 A42 levels and plaque deposition in neocortex and hippocampus expression of GR and CRFR1 in neocortex and hippocampus basal corticosterone in plasma	Not measured	[78]

TASTPM	Repeated novel cage exposure (1 h/day, 4x/week)	5 weeks	4 months	No changes in basal corticosterone levels soluble A40 levels in the frontal cortex hippocampus insoluble A42 levels in frontal cortex hippocampus, no difference in endocannabinoid levels in frontal cortex and hippocampus	No difference in locomotion, nor in anxiety levels contextual memory	[80]

APPswe	Acute restraint stress (for 4 h)	4 hours	19 months	175% in blood glucose levels, dropping to below basal values 2 hours after restraint in stress-induced corticosterone release	Not measured	[81]

Tg2576	Acute restraint stress (for 3 h)	3 hours	3-4 months	interstitial fluid A, no difference in APP or -CTF levels -CTF levels, no changes in IDE, NEP (neprilysin) or APOE levels	Not measured	[79]

APPV717I-CT100	Chronic immobilization stress (6 h/day, 4x/week)	8 months	3 months	A plaques in hippocampus, entorhinal piriform cortex APP-CTFs pyknotic cells in hippocampus entorhinal cortex phospho-tau in CA3 entorhinal cortex Corticosterone in plasma	cognitive impairment	[82]

Tg2576	Chronic immobilization stress (6 h/day, 4x/week)	6 months	3 months	Not measured	cued food preference	[82]

Tg2576	Chronic restraint stress (2 h/day)	16 days	14 months	A plaques in hippocampus, PFC, cingulate, motor, parietal and piriform cortex A40 A42 in cortical homogenates immunoreactive astrocytes near plaques phospho-tau dendritic arborization of cortical neurons MMP-2 (A-degrading enzyme) basal corticosterone levels	Not measured	[83]
PS1-L286V	Chronic restraint stress (6 h/day)	3 or 15 weeks	7 weeks	3 weeks exposure body weight adrenal gland weight corticosterone levels in plasma number of degenerating neurons in DG, CA3, and retrosplenial cortex, no effect on number of granule neuron precursors (Pax6) or proliferating cells (Ki67) in DG and/or SGZ BrdU-positive cells DCX-positive neuronal progenitor cells 15 weeks exposure body weight adrenal gland weight number of degenerating neurons in DG, CA3 and retrosplenial cortex, no effect on of granule neuron precursors or proliferating cells in DG and/or SGZ	Not measured	[84]

3xTg	Dexamethasone administration (1 or 5 mg/kg) i.p.	7 days	4 months	A in hippocampus, neocortex, amygdala tau in dendrites and axons in hippocampus, neocortex, amygdala insoluble A40 and A42 total APP, BACE1, C99 levels basal corticosterone levels from 9 months on	Not measured	[85]