p21WAF1/CIP1 Expression is Differentially Regulated by Metformin and Rapamycin
Figure 4
(a) High glucose reverses metformin-induced cell size decrease in HEK293 cells. The cells were cultured with 5.5 mM (Ctrl) or 30 mM D-glucose (HG) for 3 days. For the last 24 h, 8 mM metformin or 100 nM rapamycin was added. Cell size was measured by flow cytometry. (b) AMPKα2-deficiency has no effect on metformin-mediated cell size reduction. The cells were incubated in 5.5 or 25 mM (HG) D-glucose for 3 days. For the last 24 h, metformin 8 mM (Met) was added. (c) Compound C reverses metformin-induced cell size reduction. HEK293 cells were cultured with or without (Ctrl) 8 mM Met. At the indicated concentrations, compound C (Cc) was added to the cells and cocultured with Met for 24 h. The viability of the cells was determined by propidium iodide staining. Vehicle effects of compound C were controlled by keeping the concentration of DMSO at 0.2% in the conditions. (d) Dose-dependent reversal of metformin-induced cell cycle arrest by compound C. HEK293 cells were exposed to the experimental conditions described in Figure 4(c). The results are expressed as mean ± SEM of three independent experiments. ; ; .
